Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

Agricultural land

language culture Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Agricultural land is the space humans use to manage life systematically. It involves the controlled rearing of livestock and the production of crops. This process is essential for producing food for humans across the globe. People often use different names for this land. They might call it farmland, cropland, pasture, or rangeland.

Share of land area used for agriculture, OWID
Share of land area used for agriculture, OWID

However, the term can have very specific meanings in science and law. In some places, agricultural land is protected by special zoning laws. This ensures the land stays available for farming instead of being used for buildings.

To understand how this land is classified, we can look at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) definitions. They divide agricultural land into several distinct categories based on how the plants grow. First, there is arable land, also known as cropland. This is land used for crops that require annual replanting. It also includes fallowland used for such crops within a five-year period.

Cropland Nitrogen Budget By Component And Region
Cropland Nitrogen Budget By Component And Region

Second, there is permanent cropland. This refers to land producing crops that do not need annual replanting. This category includes forested plantations for coffee, rubber, or fruit. It does not include tree farms or forests used for timber.

Another major category is permanent pastures. These are natural or artificial grasslands and shrublands. They are used specifically for grazing livestock. The FAO also distinguishes land by how it receives water. Some land is irrigated, meaning humans provide water through artificial systems. Other land is non-irrigated and relies on natural rainfall.

Farmland Ready For Paddy Cultivation
Farmland Ready For Paddy Cultivation

These categories help scientists and governments track how the Earth's surface is being used.

Global statistics show how much of our planet is dedicated to these activities. As of 2011, agricultural land covered 38.4% of the world's total land area. Within that agricultural area, permanent pastures made up the largest portion at 68.4%. This accounted for 26.3% of the global land area. Arable land made up 28.4% of all agricultural land, or 10.9% of the world. Permanent crops, such as vineyards, represent a smaller 3.1% of agricultural land. By 2022, the total global agricultural land area was 4.78 billion hectares. This was a slight decrease from the 4.79 billion hectares recorded in 2021.

Different regions of the world show different patterns of land use. In 2021, Asia held the largest share of global cropland at 37%. The Americas followed with 24%, and Africa had 19%. Europe held 18%, while Oceania had 2%. Interestingly, Africa's cropland area overtook Europe's in 2018. Some countries hold very large portions of specific types of land. In 2021, China owned 12% of global permanent meadows and pastures. Australia owned 10%, and the United States owned 8%. For cropland, India held the largest share at 11%, followed by the United States at 10%.

As the human population grows, the amount of land available for each person changes. Between 2000 and 2021, cropland area per capita decreased in every region. In 2021, the world average was only 0.20 hectares per person. This was an 18% decline from previous years. The largest decrease happened in Africa, where it dropped by 25% to 0.21 hectares per capita. In contrast, Oceania had the highest cropland area per capita at 0.77 hectares. Countries like Kazakhstan, Australia, and Canada also have high per capita amounts because they have vast areas of land.

The value of this land is determined by the agricultural land market. This market relies on the principles of supply and demand. If the supply of farmland reduces, prices and rents will rise. If the demand for agricultural land declines, prices will fall. Demand can drop if there is less need for farm produce. It can also drop due to changes in government subsidies or tax reliefs. For example, in the United States, prime farmland in Illinois was valued at $26,000 per hectare in 2018. In Russia, farmland can be much cheaper, sometimes costing only €1,500 to €2,000 per hectare.

661 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Farmland Ready For Paddy Cultivation.jpg
Farmland Ready For Paddy Cultivation.jpg
File:Share of land area used for agriculture, OWID.svg
Share of land area used for agriculture, OWID.svg
File:Cropland Nitrogen Budget By Component And Region.svg
Cropland Nitrogen Budget By Component And...
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.