Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

Achilles

philosophy religion Maturity 11-13 mythology war conflict Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: mythology, war_conflict. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

Achilles is a legendary hero from Greek mythology. He is celebrated as the greatest of all Greek warriors.

He is the central figure in the *Iliad*, an epic poem by Homer. This poem focuses on his role during the Trojan War. Achilles served as the commander of the Myrmidons, a mythical tribe of soldiers. His life is defined by a choice between a long, quiet life or a short life filled with glory. He chose the path of glory, which led him to the battlefield of Troy.

The origins of Achilles involve both mortal and divine lineages. He was the son of Peleus, the king of Phthia, and Thetis, a Nereid. A Nereid is a sea goddess.

Peter Paul Rubens 181
Peter Paul Rubens 181

Ancient stories say that Zeus and Poseidon both wanted to marry Thetis. However, the Titan Prometheus warned Zeus of a prophecy. The prophecy stated that Thetis would have a son greater than his father. To prevent this, the gods allowed her to marry the mortal Peleus. This union resulted in the birth of the hero Achilles.

Achilles received a unique and rigorous education during his youth. His father entrusted him to Chiron, a wise centaur.

Achilleus Lyra
Achilleus Lyra

Chiron lived on Mount Pelion and was known for his righteousness. Under Chiron's guidance, Achilles learned many different skills. These included the medical arts and how to play the lyre. He grew up in Phthia alongside his close companion, Patroclus. Some accounts suggest that Achilles may have even been given the wings of Arke to aid his speed. This is why he was often called "Podarkes," which means "swift-footed."

One of the most famous aspects of Achilles is the legend of his invulnerability.

Peter Paul Rubens 181
Peter Paul Rubens 181

Later legends, such as those written by Statius in the first century CE, claim his body was nearly impossible to wound. The myth states that his mother, Thetis, dipped him into the River Styx as an infant. This ritual was intended to make him immortal. However, she held him by his left heel during the process. Because her hand touched that spot, the water could not protect it. This left his heel as his only vulnerable point.

Other versions of his early life offer different explanations for his strength. One tale suggests Thetis tried to burn away his mortal parts using fire. In this version, Peleus rescued him from the flames, leaving him with a burnt foot. Another account claims Chiron used the ankle of a giant named Damysos to repair Achilles's foot. While these stories explain his legendary toughness, the *Iliad* shows him being wounded in battle. For example, the hero Asteropaios once grazed Achilles's elbow with a spear, causing him to bleed.

Achilles's actions during the Trojan War were decisive and intense. His most famous achievement was the slaying of the Trojan prince, Hector, outside the gates of Troy.

Peter Paul Rubens 003
Peter Paul Rubens 003

Despite his strength, Achilles did not survive the war. Most sources agree he was killed near the end of the conflict. The legend says that Paris shot him with an arrow. This arrow struck his vulnerable heel, leading to his death.

Gaziantep Zeugma Museum Achilles mosaic in 2011 2098
Gaziantep Zeugma Museum Achilles mosaic in 2011 2098

This event marked the end of the greatest Greek warrior.

The name Achilles carries deep linguistic and cultural significance. Etymologists have analyzed his name as a combination of terms for "distress" and "people." This suggests a meaning like "he who brings distress to the people." This creates an irony, as he is a hero of glory but also a bringer of grief.

The Rage of Achilles by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
The Rage of Achilles by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

Today, the term "Achilles' heel" is used to describe a specific point of weakness. It refers to a flaw in something that is otherwise very strong. We also use the name for the Achilles tendon in human anatomy. His legacy remains a fundamental part of Western literature and thought.

623 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (23)
File:Peter Paul Rubens 181.jpg
Peter Paul Rubens 181.jpg
File:The Education of Achilles 1862 Delacroix.jpg
The Education of Achilles 1862 Delacroix.jpg
File:The Education of Achilles, by James Barry.jpg
The Education of Achilles, by James Barry.jpg
File:Achilleus Lyra.jpg
Achilleus Lyra.jpg
File:Gaziantep Zeugma Museum Achilles mosaic in 2011 2098.jpg
Gaziantep Zeugma Museum Achilles mosaic...
File:Achilles by Lycomedes Louvre Ma2120.jpg
Achilles by Lycomedes Louvre Ma2120.jpg
File:Achilles slaying Troilus.PNG
Achilles slaying Troilus.PNG
File:Achilles Agamemnon Pompei mosaic NAMNaples 10006.jpg
Achilles Agamemnon Pompei mosaic...
File:Wall painting - Briseis taken away from Achilles - Pompeii (VI 8 5) - Napoli MAN 9105 - 01.jpg
Wall painting - Briseis taken away from...
File:The Rage of Achilles by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.jpeg
The Rage of Achilles by Giovanni Battista...
File:The Triumph of Achilles by Franz von Matsch.jpg
The Triumph of Achilles by Franz von Matsch.jpg
File:Akhilleus Memnon Staatliche Antikensammlungen 1410.jpg
Akhilleus Memnon Staatliche...

+ 11 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.