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Acer saccharinum

life science Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The silver maple, known scientifically as *Acer saccharinum*, is a fast-growing deciduous tree. It is native to the eastern and central United States and southeastern Canada. You might hear it called by many names, such as the water maple or swamp maple. This is because it is often found near waterways and in wetlands. It is one of the most common tree species in the United States. While its name sounds similar to the sugar maple, *Acer saccharum*, they are different species.

Silver maple leaf
Silver maple leaf

This tree has a very distinct way of growing and looking. It is a deciduous tree, meaning it loses its leaves each year. The leaves are simple and have five lobes with deep notches between them. They are held by long, slender stalks. These stalks allow even a light breeze to flip the leaves over. When they flip, they show a downy silver underside. This creates a striking visual effect in the wind.

Silver maple leaf
Silver maple leaf

The life cycle of the silver maple involves unique timing. Most maple trees produce fruit in the autumn. However, the silver maple and the red maple produce their fruit in the spring. The fruit is a schizocarp consisting of two single-seeded, winged samaras. Each wing is about one inch long. These fruits are the largest among the maples in its range. While the wings allow for air travel, the seeds are heavy. This means they are often transported by water as well.

Silver maple leaf
Silver maple leaf

As the tree matures, its appearance changes significantly. On young trunks and branches, the bark is smooth and a silvery gray. On mature trunks, the bark becomes gray and shaggy. The tree is also quite adaptable to different light levels. However, it requires more sunlight than many other maple species. In ideal natural conditions, a silver maple can live up to 130 years. In urban environments, they often live for 80 years or less.

Silver-maple-bark
Silver-maple-bark

Many animals rely on the silver maple for survival. In the spring, squirrels eat the large, rounded buds. This provides food when other nuts are scarce. Chipmunks and birds also eat the seeds. Even deer and beavers will eat the bark. The tree's trunks often develop cavities. These hollow spaces provide shelter for raccoons, owls, woodpeckers, and opossums. Additionally, the leaves are a food source for the rosy maple moth.

Silver-maple-bark
Silver-maple-bark

Humans have used the silver maple for many different purposes. Native Americans used the sap for medicine, sugar, and bread. The Cherokee used bark infusions to treat various ailments, such as cramps and measles. The Mohegan used bark from the south side of the tree for cough medicine. The wood is light and easy to work with. This makes it useful for making paper, furniture, and musical instruments. Today, researchers are even looking at the tree as a source for biofuels.

Silver-maple-bark
Silver-maple-bark

In modern landscaping, the silver maple has a complicated history. After World War II, many cities planted them to replace American elms. They were popular because they grow so quickly. However, they eventually fell out of favor in many places. The wood is quite brittle and can break during storms. The shallow, fibrous root systems can also crack sidewalks or damage pipes. Because of these issues, some cities have even banned them as street trees.

Silver-maple-bark
Silver-maple-bark

Despite these challenges, the silver maple remains a vital part of many ecosystems. It can even hybridize with the red maple. This creates a hybrid called the Freeman maple, or *Acer × freemanii*. The Freeman maple is very popular in parks and gardens. It combines the fast growth of the silver maple with the beautiful red leaves of the red maple. It also has less brittle wood and less invasive roots. This makes it a much more stable choice for ornamental planting.

Silver maple leaf
Silver maple leaf
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