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Abuja

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Abuja is the capital city of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

National Assembly Building with Mace, Abuja, Nigeria
National Assembly Building with Mace, Abuja, Nigeria

It serves as the nation's administrative and political center. The city is located within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It sits at the geographic midpoint of the country. This central location was chosen to ensure national unity. The government wanted a site that was neutral to all major ethnic groups. Abuja is also a significant capital for the African continent. It hosts major international events like the World Economic Forum.

National Assembly Building with Mace, Abuja, Nigeria
National Assembly Building with Mace, Abuja, Nigeria

The physical landscape of Abuja is defined by massive rock formations. Aso Rock is a 400-metre monolith. This landmark was formed through the process of water erosion. Much of the city's important infrastructure extends south of this rock. The Presidential Complex and the Supreme Court are located here. To the north, another large monolith called Zuma Rock stands 725 metres tall. It is located on the expressway leading to Kaduna. These natural features provide a unique setting for the urban environment.

Abuja Millennium Park 2019 01
Abuja Millennium Park 2019 01

Abuja is a purpose-built city, meaning it was planned before construction. In June 1977, the Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA) commissioned a master plan. A consortium of three American firms called International Planning Associates (IPA) created this plan. These firms included Planning Research Corporation, Wallace, McHarg, Roberts and Todd, and Archisystems. The IPA submitted their final report on 15 February 1979. Later, Japanese architect Kenzo Tange designed the Central Business District. His team provided the detailed design for the city's monumental core.

Abuja Rail Mass Transit
Abuja Rail Mass Transit

The history of moving the capital involves several decades of planning. Lagos was the previous capital, but it became overcrowded and squalid. The government wanted to expand the economy toward the center of Nigeria. Decree No. 6 was passed on 4 February 1976 to start this move. Construction began in 1979 under the administration of President Shehu Shagari. The project faced delays due to political and economic instability. The official relocation from Lagos to Abuja occurred on 12 December 1991. This transition was a major change for the entire nation.

Planners organized the city into several developmental phases. These phases grow in a concentric pattern from the center. Phase 1 contains the inner districts like Maitama, Wuse, and Asokoro. These districts spread out from the base of Aso Rock. Phase 5 is much further away, located over 40 kilometres west of the rock. This phase includes the Kyami District near the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport.

Idu Station Platform
Idu Station Platform

Expressways separate the different phases from one another. The road network connects the city to surrounding states like Niger and Kaduna.

The city is experiencing massive population growth. Between 2000 and 2010, Abuja grew by 139.7%. This made it the fastest-growing city in the world during that time. It remains the fastest-growing city on the African continent. The city currently sees an annual growth rate of at least 35%. This rapid expansion has led to the spread of squatter settlements. In 2003, a demolition campaign was started by the former FCT minister, Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai.

Abuja is a diverse hub for religion and international diplomacy. The Nigerian National Mosque and the National Christian Centre sit opposite each other.

AbujaNationalMosque
AbujaNationalMosque
Catedral Nacional em Abuja, Nigéria
Catedral Nacional em Abuja, Nigéria

The city is also home to the headquarters of ECOWAS. It also serves as the regional headquarters for OPEC. Many countries have moved their embassies to Abuja. Some nations keep their former embassies in Lagos as consulates. This makes Abuja a vital center for regional politics and economics.

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🖼️ Images & Media (16)
File:National Assembly Building with Mace, Abuja, Nigeria.jpg
National Assembly Building with Mace,...
File:Abuja Millennium Park 2019 01.jpg
Abuja Millennium Park 2019 01.jpg
File:Hilton, Abuja.jpg
Hilton, Abuja.jpg
File:Sheraton, Abuja.jpg
Sheraton, Abuja.jpg
File:Catedral Nacional em Abuja, Nigéria.jpg
Catedral Nacional em Abuja, Nigéria.jpg
File:AbujaNationalMosque.jpg
AbujaNationalMosque.jpg
File:Jabi_lake_mall.jpg
Jabi_lake_mall.jpg
File:Abuja_Millennium_Park.jpg
Abuja_Millennium_Park.jpg
File:Abuja Stadium 4.jpg
Abuja Stadium 4.jpg
File:Jabi lake.jpg
Jabi lake.jpg
File:National Children's Park, Abuja 4.jpg
National Children's Park, Abuja 4.jpg
File:NIGERIA.jpg
NIGERIA.jpg

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