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Mathematics articles — Page 16

Explore the ideas and history behind numbers, shapes, patterns and mathematical thinking. Choose an article below; its reading controls let you move between the available levels.

1,419 public articles · Page 16 of 30

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Geometric series

You can make a pattern with numbers. Each number is a part of the last one. The parts can get smaller and smaller. This helps us find new shapes. It can even help us count money. Can you find a pattern in your toys?

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George Dantzig

George was a man who loved math. He used math to solve hard puzzles. He even solved a puzzle by mistake! His work helps planes and trucks move well. He won a big prize for his ideas. Do you like math puzzles too?

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George E. P. Box

George Box loved numbers. He used them to study things. He found ways to use math. His work helps us today. He was a very smart man. Can you like math too?

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George Gallup

George Gallup was a smart man. He found out what people think. He asked many people questions. This helped him learn about the world. It is a great way to learn. Do you like to ask questions?

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George Pólya

George was a math teacher. He loved big puzzles. He taught people how to solve them. His books help us think. He helped many students learn. Can you solve a puzzle today?

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Geostatistics

We use math to learn about the earth. It helps us find things we cannot see. We look at what is near to guess what is far. This helps us study rain or soil. It is a smart way to map our world. Can you find patterns…

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Gertrude Mary Cox

Gertrude Cox loved numbers. She studied how they work. She helped many people learn. She even led a big group. She was a great leader. Do you like to count?

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Ge (unit)

A ge is a way to measure. It measures how much food you have. People use it for rice or drink. It is used in China and Japan. It helps us share things fairly. Can you find a cup to measure?

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Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem

How do we pick a winner? We often vote. Sometimes, people do not vote for who they like best. They try to play a game to win. This can make voting hard. Can we have a fair vote? Do you like to vote?

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Girard Desargues

Girard Desargues was a smart man. He liked to draw and build. He worked with shapes and lines. He also helped build big buildings. His ideas help us see shapes well. Do you like to draw shapes?

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Girth (graph theory)

Some shapes make a loop. You can trace a path back to the start. We look for the smallest loop. A square is a loop of four. A triangle is a loop of three. Can you find a loop? How many sides does it have?

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Giuseppe Peano

Giuseppe Peano was a smart man. He loved to study numbers. He found new ways to use them. He also made a new way to talk. He taught many students at a school. Do you like to learn new things?

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Gladys West

Gladys West loved numbers. She used math to map the Earth. This work helps us find our way today. It helps the tools in our cars work. She was a very smart woman. Can you find your way with a map?

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Gloria Ford Gilmer

Gloria was a math teacher. She loved to find patterns. She saw math in hair braids. She saw math in beehives too. Math is all around us. Do you see math today?

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Gödel numbering

We can use numbers to talk. Each mark can have its own number. We can put them in a row. Then the whole row is one big number. This helps us solve puzzles. It is like a secret code. Can you make a code?

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Gödel's completeness theorem

Math can help us find truth. We use rules to show what is true. If a rule is always true, we can prove it. This helps us know for sure. It is like a puzzle. Can you find the truth?

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Goldbach's conjecture

Some numbers can be made in a special way. You can add two special numbers to get an even number. We do not know if this is always true. It is a big puzzle for math. Can you find two special numbers that make four?

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Gösta Mittag-Leffler

Gösta was a man who loved math. He studied numbers and shapes. He helped women do math work too. He also made a special book for math news. He was a very kind teacher. Do you like to count things?

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Gotthold Eisenstein

A man named Eisenstein loved numbers. He was very good at math. He studied hard in school. He found new ways to use numbers. His work helps us today. Can you count some numbers?

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Grace Alele-Williams

Grace loved math. She was a great teacher. She helped many women learn. She even led a big school. Her work helped her whole country. Do you like math too?

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Gradian

We use tools to measure turns. One way is called a gon. It helps people map the land. It is used in some parts of Europe. It makes math easy with groups of one hundred. Do you like to map things?

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Gradient

Imagine you are walking on a big hill. You want to find the steepest way up. A special rule tells you which way to go. It shows the fastest way to climb. This rule helps us find the way. Can you find the steepest path?

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Gradient descent

Imagine you are in the mountains. Thick fog hides the path. You want to go down. You feel the ground with your feet. You walk where it goes down. You keep going down. Soon you find the bottom. Can you find the way down?

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Gradient theorem

Sometimes we move from one spot to another. It does not matter which way you go. Only the start and end spots matter. This helps us know how much work is done. It is a neat way to see things. Can you find a path?

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Graph automorphism

Some shapes look the same even when you move them. You can flip or turn them. They still look just like before. This is a kind of balance. It helps us learn about shapes. Can you find a shape like this?

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Graph coloring

Imagine you have a map. You want to color it. No two side-by-side lands can be the same color. This is a fun puzzle. It helps us use colors in a smart way. Can you color a map with only four colors?

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Graph homomorphism

Dots and lines can make shapes. We can match one shape to another. We must keep the lines in the same way. This helps us solve puzzles. It can even help us pick colors. Can you find shapes in your room?

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Graph isomorphism

Some shapes are the same. They might look different. But they have the same parts. They connect in the same way. This helps us see patterns. Can you find a match?

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Graph isomorphism problem

We can look at dot shapes. Some shapes look the same. They are just moved around. We can check if they match. This helps us find things. Can you find a match?

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Graph minor

We can make new shapes from old ones. You can take some parts away. You can also squish parts together. This makes a new, smaller shape. It helps us study patterns. Do you like shapes?

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Great circle

Imagine a big ball. A great circle is a very big circle on it. It cuts the ball into two equal parts. This is the shortest way to go around. It helps ships find their way. Can you find a ball?

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Greatest common divisor

You can use math to share things fairly. Imagine you have many square tiles. You want to fill a big box with them. You must find the biggest tile that fits perfectly. This helps you make things even. Can you find a…

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Greatest element and least element

Some groups have one big winner. This winner is bigger than all others. Some groups also have one small winner. This one is smaller than all others. It is like a top and a bottom. Can you find the top?

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Green's theorem

Math can look at shapes. It looks at the edge of a shape. It also looks at the space inside. We can use the edge to find the inside. This helps us find the size of a shape. It is a neat trick! Can you find a shape?

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Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro

Gregorio was a man who loved math. He found new ways to use numbers. His work helped other smart people. He even helped build things in his town. He was a great thinker. Do you like to solve puzzles?

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Grigori Perelman

Grigori is a man who loves math. He solves very hard puzzles. He found answers to big questions. His work helps us learn about shapes. He does not want fame. He likes to work alone. Do you like math puzzles too?

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Guillaume de l'Hôpital

A man named l'Hôpital loved math. He wrote a big book about it. It helped many people learn. His book used many shapes. Math helps us see how things move. Do you like to count things?

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Halting problem

Some computer tasks can finish. Other tasks go on forever. Can we know which is which? A smart man named Alan Turing found out. He said we cannot always know. It is a hard puzzle. Can you think of a loop?

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Hamiltonian path

You can draw a path of dots. You must touch every dot once. Do not go back to a dot. This makes a fun game. It is a way to move. Can you find a way?

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Hamiltonian path problem

Imagine you have many dots. You want to draw a line. The line must touch every dot. You can only touch each dot one time. This is a big puzzle. It can be hard to do. Can you find a path? Try it with your friends!

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Handshaking lemma

Imagine you are at a party. People shake hands. Some people shake an odd number of hands. There is a rule for this. The number of those people is always even. It is a neat trick! Can you find a pattern?

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Hand (unit)

We can use our hands to measure. People use this to see how tall a horse is. It is a very old way to measure. It helps us know how big things are. Do you want to try measuring with your hand?

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Harmonic mean

Some math helps us find an average. It works well for speed. It can help when you travel. This math is very useful. It helps us see the truth. Do you like to learn math?

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Harmonic series (mathematics)

You can add small pieces together. Imagine cutting a cake into tiny bits. If you keep adding bits, the pile grows. It can grow very big! It never has to stop. Can you think of small pieces?

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Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter

Donald was a man who loved shapes. He looked at how lines and points fit together. He also loved to play music. He wrote many books about his work. His ideas help us see the world. Do you like to look at shapes?

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Hasse diagram

We use dots and lines to show things. The dots are items. The lines go up from one dot to another. This helps us see how things fit. It shows us a plan. Can you find the dots?

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Heat equation

Heat moves from hot spots to cold spots. It spreads out to fill a space. This helps things cool down or warm up. It can even help a room get warm with a heater. Heat likes to be even everywhere. Do you feel heat moving?

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Heaviside step function

A signal can turn on. It stays on for a long time. It starts at zero. Then it jumps up to one. This helps us see changes. It works like a light switch. Do you like to flip switches?

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