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Mathematics articles — Page 15

Explore the ideas and history behind numbers, shapes, patterns and mathematical thinking. Choose an article below; its reading controls let you move between the available levels.

1,419 public articles · Page 15 of 30

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Field extension

Some math groups fit inside others. A big group can hold a small group. This is like a big box with a small box inside. It helps us find new numbers. It helps us solve puzzles. Do you like puzzles?

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Fields Medal

Some people win a big prize for math. It is a special medal. It helps young people do great work. This prize is very big. It is a very high honor. Do you like math?

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Filter (mathematics)

We can group things together. We look for things that are big. These big things stay in a group. It helps us find where things go. It is like a way to zoom in. Can you find a big group?

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Finite element method

We can study big things by breaking them down. We cut one big thing into many small parts. This helps us see how it works. It helps us see how a car might crash. Computers do the hard work for us. It is a smart way…

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Finite field

Math can use a small group of numbers. You can add and take away. You can also multiply and divide. This helps us work with computers. It is like a special set of rules. Do you like playing with number patterns?

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Finite-state machine

Some things follow a plan. A gate stays locked. You put in a coin. Now it is open. You push through. Then it locks again. It works like this many times. Can you think of a machine like that?

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Five lemma

Math helps us see how things fit. We can use shapes to show rules. These rules help us find things we do not know. It is like a puzzle. We look at what we have to find what is missing. Do you like puzzles?

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Fixed point (mathematics)

Some things stay the same. Imagine a rule that moves things. Most things will change. But one spot stays still. This spot is a fixed point. It does not move at all. Can you find it?

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Fixed-point theorem

Some things stay the same. Imagine you move a map. One tiny spot stays in its place. It does not move at all. This can happen with many things. It helps us solve puzzles. Can you find a spot that stays still?

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FKT algorithm

Imagine you have many small tiles. You want to cover a floor. How many ways can you do it? We can use math to find out. It helps us count all the ways. It is like a puzzle! Can you count your toys?

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Floating-point arithmetic

Computers use math to work. They can use very big numbers. They can use very small numbers too. This helps them do hard jobs. It is like magic! Can you find numbers everywhere?

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Floor and ceiling functions

Numbers can be round or in pieces. Imagine a floor and a ceiling. The floor is the number below you. The ceiling is the number above you. This helps us find whole numbers. It helps us count things. Can you find the…

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Flow (mathematics)

Think about water moving in a stream. It moves in a smooth way. Things can move like that too. This helps us see how things change. It is like watching a tiny dot move. Can you see things moving?

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Flow network

Things move from one place to another. Water moves through pipes. Cars move on roads. We must not send too much at once. What can you move through a path?

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Floyd–Warshall algorithm

A computer can find the best way to go. It looks at many paths. It finds the shortest way to get from one spot to another. This helps us find the best way to travel. It is like a map for a trip. Can you find the best…

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Forcing (mathematics)

Math can grow. We can add new things to math. It is like adding new toys to a box. This makes the box bigger. It helps us learn more. Can you think of something new to add?

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Ford–Fulkerson algorithm

We can find the best way to move things. Imagine water moving through pipes. We look for paths that have room. We fill each path with as much as we can. We do this until no more room is left. This helps us move the…

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Forecasting

We can guess what happens next. We look at what happened before. This helps us plan for tomorrow. It helps us know what to do. It is like a smart guess. Can you guess what will happen next?

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Forgetful functor

Math can have many parts. You can take some parts away. It is like taking a lid off a box. You keep the box but lose the lid. This helps us see what is inside. Do you like to take things apart?

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Formal fallacy

Sometimes our ideas do not fit. We might think one thing is true. But the next part is wrong. It does not follow the first part. This helps us think well. Can you spot a mistake?

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Formal grammar

Rules can help us build things. We can use rules to make strings. These rules change one thing into another. It is like a game with symbols. This helps us make a language. Do you like to follow rules?

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Formal science

We use rules to think. Rules help us find patterns. They help us count things. They help us learn. Math is one of these ways. It helps us know more. Can you find a pattern?

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Foundations of mathematics

Math uses rules to find truth. These rules help us count and measure. We use them to study shapes. They help us know if things are right. Math is all around us. Do you like to count?

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Four color theorem

You can color any map. You only need four colors. No two side-by-side parts can be the same color. This rule helps us make maps look good. It is a fun math trick. Can you find four colors?

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Four-dimensional space

We live in a big world. We see things that are tall and wide. We also see how deep they are. Some math looks at a fourth way. It is like a super shape. Can you imagine a new way to move?

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François Viète

A man named Viète loved math. He used letters to solve puzzles. This helped him find new answers. It helped many people later. He was very smart. Do you like math puzzles too?

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Frank P. Ramsey

Frank was a man who loved math. He was very smart. He found patterns in things. He also liked to study money. He died when he was young. He left many big ideas behind. Do you like to find patterns too?

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Free object

Math uses rules to build things. You can use letters to make words. These words follow special rules. You can make many new patterns. This helps us see how things work. It is like a game with parts. Do you like…

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Free variables and bound variables

Some math signs act like empty spots. You can put a number in that spot. Other signs tell you which number to use. This helps us solve a puzzle. Do you like math puzzles?

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Frequency (statistics)

We count things to learn about them. We can count how many toys we have. We can count how many birds fly by. Counting helps us see patterns. It shows us what is common. Do you like to count things?

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Frequentist inference

We look at how things happen. We count how many times things occur. We see patterns in what we find. This helps us learn new things. It helps us know what is true. Can you find a pattern today?

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Fubini's theorem

You can count things in many ways. Think of a loaf of bread. You can cut it into big slices. You can also cut it into long thin slices. It is still the same amount of bread. Math helps us see this. Can you find…

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Function of a real variable

You can use numbers to find more numbers. One number goes in. A new number comes out. It works like a rule. This rule helps us see shapes. Can you find a rule for your numbers?

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Function of several real variables

You can use many things to find an answer. One thing might be the width of a cone. Another thing might be how tall it is. You use both to find the size. Math helps us see how things work. Can you find patterns too?

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Functor

Math has many parts. A tool can link these parts. It moves things from one group to another. It keeps the patterns the same. It helps us see how things work together. Can you find patterns in your room?

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Furlong

A furlong is a way to measure distance. It is used in horse races. It helps people know how far to run. Some cities use it for street blocks. It is a long way to walk. Can you find a long path?

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Gale–Shapley algorithm

We use math to pair people up. One group asks to join another. They pick the ones they like best. Then the others say yes or no. This helps doctors find jobs. It makes things fair for all. Can you think of a way to…

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Galois group

Math helps us find patterns. We can look at numbers and shapes. Some patterns follow rules. These rules help us solve puzzles. A man named Galois found these. He was very smart. Can you find a pattern today?

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Gamma distribution

We use math to guess when things happen. It can show how long we wait. It helps us study time. This math helps us learn. Do you like to wait for things?

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Gaussian function

Some shapes look like a bell. This shape is very smooth. It has a tall middle part. The sides go down low. It helps us see patterns. Can you find a bell shape?

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Gaussian integer

Some numbers live on a grid. They look like dots in a pattern. You can add them together. You can also multiply them. These numbers have a special name. They are named after a man named Gauss. Can you see the dots?

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Gauss–Seidel method

Math can help us find lost numbers. We can make a good guess first. Then we try to get closer. We do this many times. It helps us find the right answer. Can you try to guess a number?

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Generalized Petersen graph

We can make shapes with dots and lines. You draw a ring of dots. Then you draw a star inside. You join the dots with lines. It makes a cool pattern. Do you like to draw shapes?

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General recursive function

We can use rules to find numbers. These rules follow a path. They can go on and on. Some rules help us solve puzzles. They help us work with computers. Math helps us find answers. Can you find a pattern?

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Generating function

Math can use patterns. We can list numbers in a row. We use one special rule to find them. This rule helps us see what comes next. It makes hard math easy. Can you find a pattern?

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Geomathematics

We use numbers to learn about Earth. Numbers help us study mountains and oceans. They help us tell the weather. Math helps us see deep inside the ground. It is a way to solve puzzles. Can you find numbers in nature?

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Geometric distribution

You can try things until you win. You might roll a die many times. You wait for a one to show up. Each roll is a new try. It does not matter if you lost before. Can you guess how many tries you need?

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Geometric mean

We can find a middle number. We do this with shapes. Imagine a rectangle. We want to make a square. The square will have the same space inside. This helps us find a fair middle. Do you like shapes?

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