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Earth Science articles — Page 7

Explore rocks, volcanoes, weather, oceans and the processes that shape Earth. Choose an article below; its reading controls let you move between the available levels.

1,427 public articles · Page 7 of 30

1906 San Francisco earthquake

The ground shook in a big way. It happened in a place called San Francisco. Big fires broke out in the city. Many homes were lost. It was a very hard time. Have you ever felt the ground move?

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1960 Valdivia earthquake

A huge quake hit Chile. It was the strongest ever. The ground shook for ten minutes. Big waves came from the sea. These waves traveled very far. They even reached Hawaii. It was a very big event. Have you ever felt…

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1991 Bangladesh cyclone

A big storm hit a place called Bangladesh. The wind was very strong. The sea water came onto the land. It broke many homes. Many people had to leave. Other countries sent food and help. It was a very hard time. Have…

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1999 Jiji earthquake

A big shake hit Taiwan. It happened a long time ago. The ground moved a lot. Many houses fell down. People worked hard to help. It was a very big event. Have you ever felt the ground shake?

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2008 Sichuan earthquake

A big shake hit China. It happened in a place called Sichuan. The ground moved a lot. It caused many rocks to fall. Many people lost their homes. We can help people rebuild. Have you ever felt the ground shake?

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2010 Haiti earthquake

A big shake hit Haiti. It shook the ground hard. Many houses fell down. It was a very sad time. Many people helped Haiti. Can you imagine a big shake?

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2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami

A big shake happened in the sea. It was near Japan. The shake made huge waves. The waves came to the land. They moved many things. This was a very big event. Can you imagine a wave that big?

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2019–20 Australian bushfire season

Big fires burned in Australia. The land was very dry. Many trees and animals were lost. The smoke went far away. People helped the animals. Can you help a friend?

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2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes

A big earthquake hit some lands. It was in Turkey and Syria. Many buildings fell down. Many people needed help. Many countries came to help. It was a very hard time. Have you ever felt the ground shake?

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Aare Gorge

A river flows through a deep crack. It was made by melting ice. The walls are very tall and steep. You can walk on a path on the wall. It is a fun place to visit. Do you want to see it?

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Abraham Gottlob Werner

A man named Werner studied rocks. He lived a long time ago. He taught many students about the Earth. He helped us learn about stones. His work was very big. Do you like to look at rocks?

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Abrasion (geology)

Rocks can wear down. Moving ice rubs rocks. This makes them smooth. Wind and waves do this too. It changes the land. Can you find a smooth rock?

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Absolute dating

We can find out how old things are. Scientists look at old bones or rocks. They can even look at tree rings. This helps us learn about the past. It is like a time machine! Can you imagine being a scientist?

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Abyssal zone

The deep ocean is very dark. It is very cold there too. It is far below the sun. Many strange fish live in the dark. They find food that falls from above. Do you want to see the deep sea?

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Acasta Gneiss

These are very old rocks. They are in Canada. They are the oldest rocks we know. They help us learn about our Earth. They are a big piece of history. Do you like old things?

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Accretionary wedge

Big plates move in the sea. They scrape the ocean floor. This builds a big pile of sand and rock. It looks like a wedge. This pile can make mountains. Do you like mountains?

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Adam Sedgwick

Adam Sedgwick studied rocks. He found many types of stone. He helped name some of them. This helps us learn about the Earth. He was a very smart man. Do you like looking at rocks?

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Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld

Erik was a brave man. He loved the cold ice. He sailed a ship through the north. He found a new way to sail. This helped us learn about our world. Do you like to explore too?

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African plate

The ground under us moves. A big piece of land moves slow. It carries much of Africa. It also carries parts of the sea. This moving land helps shape our world. Can you feel the earth move?

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Aftershock

Sometimes the ground shakes. A big shake can happen first. Then, smaller shakes come after. These are called aftershocks. They happen as the ground settles. They can be dangerous to buildings. Have you ever felt the…

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Age of Earth

Our Earth is very old. It has been here for a long time. It is much older than we used to think. This helps us learn about our home. Do you want to learn more?

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Aggradation

Dirt and sand move in a river. The river carries this stuff. Sometimes too much dirt stays in the river. This makes the river bed rise up. It can even cover things on the land. This is how land grows. Do you like to…

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Aggregate (geology)

Some things are made of many small parts. Tiny bits of rock stick together. These bits can make a big rock. They can also make soil. We use sand and rocks to build things. Can you find small rocks outside?

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Agrometeorology

People study the weather to help plants grow. They look at the sun and rain. This helps us grow more food. It helps farmers too. We can learn from the sky. Do you like to watch the rain?

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Airglow

The night sky has a soft light. It is not dark at all. The air high up glows. This happens because of the sun. It makes the air light up. Can you see the glow?

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Air quality index

Some air is not clean. It can have bad bits in it. This can make us feel sick. It is good to check the air. We can stay inside if it is bad. Do you like fresh air?

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Albite

This is a white rock. It can be used for gems. It also helps make glass. We find it in many rocks. It is very common. Do you like white stones?

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Aletsch Glacier

This is a huge river of ice. It sits in high mountains. It is very long and thick. The ice is melting away now. This matters to our world. Do you like the snow?

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Alexandre Brongniart

Alexandre was a man who loved nature. He studied rocks and old bones. He also worked with clay to make pretty things. His work helps us learn about the Earth. He was very smart. Do you like looking at rocks?

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Algoman orogeny

Long ago, big pieces of Earth hit each other. This made giant mountains. The heat and push changed the rocks. Some rocks turned green. These mountains were very tall. Can you imagine huge mountains?

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Allanite

This is a dark rock. It can be black or brown. It has special bits inside. These bits are very useful. It is a pretty thing to see. Do you like looking at rocks?

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Alluvial river

Some rivers move dirt and sand. They shape their own paths. Big floods help them do this. The water moves the soil around. This makes a home for fish. Do you like to play near water?

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Alluvium

Running water moves small bits of land. It carries sand and tiny rocks. The water drops them in new spots. This soil is very good for plants. It helps food grow for us. Can you find sand by a river?

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Alpine climate

High mountains are very cold. Trees cannot grow there. It is often windy. Snow falls on the ground. This place is special. Do you like the snow?

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Alpine lake

Some lakes live high in the mountains. They are often very cold. Ice can cover them for a long time. They can look bright blue or green. These lakes are very pretty. Do you like to look at lakes?

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Altai Nature Reserve

This is a big, wild place. It has high mountains and a blue lake. Many animals live there. You can see snowy leopards. There are no roads here. It stays very quiet and safe. Do you like to see wild places?

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Altocumulus cloud

Look up at the sky. You can see middle clouds. They look like white or grey patches. Some look like small rolls. They can even look like flying saucers! These clouds tell us about the weather. Do you see any clouds…

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Altostratus cloud

Gray clouds cover the sky. They look like a flat sheet. They can be blue or gray. These clouds bring rain or snow. They help tell us the weather is changing. Do you see them today?

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Altostratus undulatus cloud

Some clouds look like wavy lines. They can look like long strips. They sit high in the sky. These clouds can look like waves. They help us see how air moves. Do you see wavy clouds? Look up at the sky!

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Aluminosilicate

Some rocks have special parts inside. These parts make tiny holes. These holes help us make things. They can even make glass. It is a neat thing to find! Do you like to look at rocks?

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Alunite

Alunite is a special rock. It can be white or gray. Some parts look like little cubes. People find it in the ground. It helps us make things. Can you find a gray rock?

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Alvarez hypothesis

A big rock hit the Earth. It came from space. This happened a long time ago. It changed the world for many animals. The dinosaurs went away. Do you like space rocks?

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Amethyst

Amethyst is a purple stone. It is a type of quartz. It can be light or dark. People use it for pretty jewelry. It is found in many places. Do you like the color purple?

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Amphibole

Some rocks have special parts. These parts can be many colors. They can be green or blue. They can even be white. These parts look like long needles. They are very pretty to see. Do you like bright colors?

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Amphibolite

This is a dark rock. It has black and white bits. It looks like salt and pepper. People use it for building. It is very hard. Do you like this rock?

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Amur plate

The ground under us moves. A big piece of land moves slow. It is under parts of China. It is also under the sea. This move can make the earth shake. It is a big world. Do you feel the ground move?

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Anatase

This is a special rock. It can look black. Some parts are white. It can even stay on glass. This helps glass stay clean. It is very pretty to see. Do you like shiny rocks?

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Andalusite

This is a special rock. It can be many colors. Some parts look like a cross. It helps us learn about the earth. It can stay very hot. Do you like pretty rocks?

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