Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
💻

Wiki

technology Maturity 7-9 Next article →

A wiki is a unique form of hypertext publication on the internet. It allows an audience to collaboratively edit and manage content directly through a web browser. Unlike a blog or a static website, a wiki typically lacks a single defined owner or leader. This characteristic allows the structure of the site to emerge based on the needs of its users. Wikis function as a type of content management system. They can be used by the public or restricted to an organization for an internal knowledge base.

MediaWiki homepage (oct 2024)
MediaWiki homepage (oct 2024)

Most wikis are powered by specialized software known as wiki engines. These engines allow users to create content using a lightweight markup language. Some engines also provide a rich-text editor to simplify the process. In a source editor, users write text using specific syntax, such as wikitext or wikicode. For example, starting a line with an asterisk might create a bulleted list.

Wikitext-wiki markup-wikipedia
Wikitext-wiki markup-wikipedia

Alternatively, a visual editor uses JavaScript to translate toolbar commands into markup. This process happens transparently on the server. It shields the user from technical details, making it easier to change page content. This type of interface is often called a WYSIWYG editor.

Wikis offer several ways to organize and navigate information. Users can create hyperlinks between pages to promote meaningful topic associations. In early systems, many used camel case to name pages. This meant removing spaces and capitalizing words, such as "CamelCase." To avoid the spelling issues of camel case, later engines adopted "free links." This allows users to wrap natural language in double square brackets, like [[Kingdom of France]], to create a link.

EnglishWikipedia 27June2024
EnglishWikipedia 27June2024

Users can also organize content through indexes, tables of contents, or taxonomies. Some wikis use tags or categories to help others find specific pages. Some communities even form networks called WikiNodes to link related wikis together.

To protect the quality of information, many wikis maintain a version history. This is often presented as a log or an edit history. The log stores metadata for every revision, including the date, time, and the name of the editor. This allows authors to revert a page to an older version to fix mistakes. It also helps counteract inappropriate or malicious edits.

History Comparison Example (Vector)
History Comparison Example (Vector)

Many systems include a "diff" feature. A diff highlights the exact differences between two specific revisions. When submitting changes, users can also write edit summaries. These are short notes, such as "Fixed table formatting," that explain the purpose of the update.

The history of the wiki began with Ward Cunningham. He started developing the first wiki software, called WikiWikiWeb, in 1994. He installed it on the domain c2.com on March 25, 1995. The name "wiki" comes from the Hawaiian word for "quick." Cunningham chose this name after seeing a "Wiki Wiki Shuttle" bus at the Honolulu International Airport.

Wikiwiki2008
Wikiwiki2008

He was inspired by Apple's HyperCard software and the ideas of hypertext inventor Vannevar Bush. Cunningham wanted to create the simplest online database possible. His goal was to allow people to comment on and change each other's text to document shared experiences.

Ward Cunningham - Commons-1
Ward Cunningham - Commons-1

One of the most significant examples of this technology is Wikipedia. Launched in January 2001, it has been one of the most popular websites since at least 2007. Wikipedia is not a single wiki, but a massive collection of hundreds of wikis. Each one is dedicated to a specific language. The English-language Wikipedia contains the largest collection of articles. This makes it the largest reference work in history. Hundreds of thousands of wikis exist today, serving as everything from note-taking tools to corporate intranets.

Wikis connect to many different fields and systems. In the early 2000s, many enterprises adopted wikis as collaborative software. They use them for project communication, documentation, and internal intranets. Some wikis are even integrated into bug tracking systems. Because they allow for constant collaboration, the website landscape of a wiki is always changing. This ongoing process of creation allows the wiki to grow alongside the knowledge of its community.

661 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Wikitext-wiki markup-wikipedia.png
Wikitext-wiki markup-wikipedia.png
File:MediaWiki homepage (oct 2024).png
MediaWiki homepage (oct 2024).png
File:Ward Cunningham - Commons-1.jpg
Ward Cunningham - Commons-1.jpg
Development of "Mathe für Nicht-Freaks"...
File:Wikiwiki2008.JPG
Wikiwiki2008.JPG
File:History Comparison Example (Vector).png
History Comparison Example (Vector).png
File:EnglishWikipedia 27June2024.png
EnglishWikipedia 27June2024.png
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.