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Waxwing

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Waxwings are a group of three distinct bird species within the genus Bombycilla. They are recognized by their smooth, silky plumage and several unique physical features. Most waxwings possess a pale grey or pinkish-brown color. They also feature a prominent crest on their heads and a black stripe through the eyes. Their tails are square-cut, and their wings are notably pointed. One of their most famous traits is the presence of red tips on some wing feathers. These tips look like drops of sealing wax, which is how the birds earned their common name.

The genus name Bombycilla has an interesting history in science. The name was an attempt by Louis Pierre Vieillot to create a Latin word meaning "silktail." He combined the Latin word "bombyx," meaning silk, with a part of the word for wagtails. This name reflects the exceptionally soft texture of their feathers. Currently, most authorities classify waxwings as the only genus in the family Bombycillidae. In the past, scientists included other birds in this family. These included silky flycatchers, the grey hypocolius, the palm chat, and the hylocitrea. Today, these related birds belong to different families within the superfamily Bombycilloidea.

There are three specific species of waxwings to know. The Bohemian waxwing lives in northern taiga forests. The Japanese waxwing is the second species. The third is the cedar waxwing. While they look similar, there are small differences in their markings. For example, the red tips on the wing feathers are most obvious in adult Bohemian and cedar waxwings. These red tips are often absent in the Japanese waxwing. They may also be missing in young, immature birds of the other two species.

Waxwings have a very specific way of finding food depending on the season. They are arboreal birds, which means they live in trees. During the spring and summer, they focus on eating insects. They catch these insects by gleaning them from foliage or by flycatching in mid-air. They often choose nesting sites near water because flying insects are abundant there. As the seasons change, their diet shifts toward fruit. They eat many types of berries, including strawberries, mulberries, serviceberries, raspberries, and blackberries. They also eat cherries, honeysuckle, rowan, and grapes. The juicy berries of the rowan tree are especially important to them.

When food sources like fruit or insects are scarce, waxwings are very adaptable. They can survive by eating tree sap, buds, or flowers. Their movement patterns are also unique. They are not considered long-distance migrants that follow a strict path every year. Instead, they are nomadic, meaning they wander erratically outside of the breeding season. They move south from their summer ranges during the winter. If there is a poor crop of berries, waxwings may undergo an "irruption." This means huge numbers of birds move far beyond their normal range. These massive flocks can consist of hundreds or even thousands of birds.

Reproduction for waxwings involves interesting social behaviors and teamwork. Mating often begins with a ritual where a pair passes a piece of fruit back and forth. They hold the object between them several times until one bird finally eats it. Once the eggs are laid, the female takes on the role of incubation. She builds a loose, bulky nest out of twigs, grass, and lichen. She often places the nest in a branch fork, well away from the tree trunk. The male supports her by bringing food to the nest while she sits on the eggs. Once the young hatch, both parents work together to feed them.

Because waxwings do not defend a specific territory, they do not have a true song. Instead, their calls are described as high-pitched, buzzing, or trilling monosyllables. Many pairs may choose to nest close together if a location has a rich supply of fruit. This social behavior allows them to take advantage of summer ripening in the forests. Their life cycle is closely tied to the availability of food in their environment. From the way they move in large flocks to the way they feed their young, waxwings are highly specialized for life in the trees.

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