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Wallace Stevens

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Wallace Stevens was a major figure in American modernist poetry. He is remembered for a unique life that balanced two very different roles. During the day, he was a high-level insurance executive in Hartford, Connecticut. In his leisure time, he was a profound and celebrated poet. His work often explored the relationship between reality and the imagination. He looked at how humans use art to perceive the world. This dual existence allowed him to maintain financial independence while pursuing literary greatness.

Wallace Stevens House - Hartford, CT
Wallace Stevens House - Hartford, CT

Stevens's poetic output is typically organized into three distinct chronological periods. His first period began with the 1923 publication of *Harmonium*. This collection included famous poems such as "The Emperor of Ice-Cream" and "Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird." His second period started with the book *Ideas of Order* in 1933. This era was later included in the 1947 volume *Transport to Summer*. His third and final period commenced with *The Auroras of Autumn* in 1950. He also published *The Necessary Angel*, a collection of essays on reality and imagination, in 1951.

Many of Stevens's poems focus on the complex process of making art. Works like "Anecdote of the Jar" and "The Man with the Blue Guitar" examine how creativity works. He often wrote about the "supreme fiction," a concept regarding how art provides meaning. His poems frequently deal with the tension between the physical world and the mind. He used language to bridge the gap between what we see and how we feel. This intellectual depth made him a central figure in modern literature.

Stevens's early life provided the foundation for his later intellectual pursuits. He was born in 1879 in Reading, Pennsylvania, to a Lutheran family. His family had Dutch and German ancestry, including a great-grandfather who was a religious refugee. Stevens attended Harvard University from 1897 to 1900 as a special student. While there, he served as the 1901 president of *The Harvard Advocate*. He was deeply influenced by the philosopher George Santayana. This influence remained strong throughout his life, even after he moved to New York to study law. He graduated from New York Law School in 1903.

His professional career was characterized by stability and significant responsibility. After working in various law firms, he joined the American Bonding Company in 1908. By 1914, he was a vice president at the Equitable Surety Company. After a merger in 1916, he moved to Hartford to join the Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company. He eventually rose to the position of vice president there by 1934. His work involved evaluating surety insurance claims and managing legal matters. By the mid-1930s, he earned $20,000 a year, which is roughly $350,000 in modern currency.

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar with Mr. Wallace Stevens at Columbia University after receiving Doctor of Laws (LLD) on June 5, 1952
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar with Mr. Wallace Stevens at Columbia University after receiving Doctor of Laws (LLD) on June 5, 1952

Stevens's personal life included both beauty and significant hardship. He married Elsie Viola Kachel in 1909 after a long courtship. Their daughter, Holly, later helped preserve his legacy by editing his letters. Some historians suggest Elsie's profile inspired the design of the Walking Liberty half dollar.

Walking Liberty Half Dollar 1945D Obverse
Walking Liberty Half Dollar 1945D Obverse

However, their marriage faced difficulties as Elsie began to experience mental illness. By the mid-1930s, the couple lived largely estranged within their own home. Despite these domestic fractures, Stevens remained dedicated to his professional and creative duties.

Travel played a vital role in his inspiration and social life. He frequently visited Key West, Florida, staying at the Casa Marina hotel. He loved the intensely blue skies and the green sea of the Atlantic. These trips led to famous, though sometimes difficult, encounters with other literary giants. He had arguments with the poet Robert Frost and a physical altercation with Ernest Hemingway. During a fight with Hemingway, Stevens broke his hand. These experiences in Florida provided a colorful backdrop to his philosophical reflections.

In his final years, Stevens received the highest honors in his field. His *Collected Poems*, published in 1954, won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1955. Although he was offered a faculty position at Harvard, he declined it. He chose to keep his position at the insurance company instead. Stevens died in 1955 following a battle with stomach cancer. His legacy remains as a poet who mastered the balance between the practical world and the world of the mind.

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File:Walking Liberty Half Dollar 1945D Obverse.png
Walking Liberty Half Dollar 1945D Obverse.png
File:Wallace Stevens House - Hartford, CT.jpg
Wallace Stevens House - Hartford, CT.jpg
File:Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar with Mr. Wallace Stevens at Columbia University after receiving Doctor of Laws (LLD) on June 5, 1952.jpg
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar with Mr. Wallace...
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