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Vorarlberg

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Vorarlberg is the westernmost state of Austria.

Stuben am Arlberg Panorama
Stuben am Arlberg Panorama

It is a small but highly populated region. It holds the second-smallest geographical area in Austria, following only Vienna. However, it has the second-highest population density in the country. The state is uniquely positioned at a crossroads of Europe. It shares borders with three different nations. To the north, it touches Germany via Lake Constance. To the west, it borders Switzerland and the principality of Liechtenstein. The only other Austrian state that shares a border with Vorarlberg is Tyrol, located to the east.

The geography of Vorarlberg is defined by its dramatic, high-altitude terrain. Two-thirds of the state sits at an elevation above 1,000 meters. This makes the region largely mountainous. Forests cover approximately 37% of the total surface area.

Montafon 2012 62
Montafon 2012 62

Several notable mountain ranges define the landscape. These include the Silvretta, the Rätikon, and the Verwall ranges. The Arlberg range is also a prominent feature. The highest point in the state is Piz Buin. This mountain features a rocky peak surrounded by glaciers.

Der Weiße Ring
Der Weiße Ring

The distance from the Alpine Rhine valley plains to the Silvretta glaciers is only 20 kilometers.

Water systems play a vital role in the state's environment and economy. The Rhine river forms the natural border with Switzerland. Other major rivers include the Ill, which flows through the Montafon and Walgau valleys. The Bregenzer Ache and the Dornbirner Ach are also significant waterways. Lake Constance is a major feature, serving as the largest lake in both Austria and Germany.

Bregenzer Festspiele Luftaufnahme
Bregenzer Festspiele Luftaufnahme

Many other lakes, such as Lüner Lake and the Silvretta Reservoir, are used for hydroelectric energy. These reservoirs were created by building dams to produce power. Much of this electricity is exported to Germany during peak times. At night, energy from German power plants is used to pump water back into these lakes.

The history of Vorarlberg involves many different groups of people. Before Roman conquest, Celtic tribes inhabited the land. The Raeti lived in the highlands, while the Vindelici lived in the lowlands. The Vindelici founded the settlement of Brigantion, which is modern-day Bregenz, around 500 BC.

The Romans conquered the area in 15 BC, making it part of the province of Raetia. Following the Romans, the region saw the arrival of the Alamanni, Bavarians, and Lombards. Eventually, the Habsburgs took control in 1525. A major political moment occurred in 1919. Following World War I, a referendum was held to see if Vorarlberg should join Switzerland.

ProVorarlberg
ProVorarlberg

While 80.75% of voters supported joining the Swiss Confederation, the union never happened due to opposition from various European powers.

Vorarlberg is a culturally distinct part of Austria. It is the only Austrian state where the local dialect is Alemannic rather than Austro-Bavarian.

Alemannic German location
Alemannic German location

This linguistic trait gives the state more cultural commonality with Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and parts of Germany. The state is divided into four large districts: Bregenz, Dornbirn, Feldkirch, and Bludenz.

Vorarlberg Bezirke
Vorarlberg Bezirke

These districts are represented by abbreviations on automobile license plates. The capital is Bregenz, which has 29,698 inhabitants. However, Dornbirn and Feldkirch are actually larger cities by population.

The economy of Vorarlberg is exceptionally strong. It has an export ratio of roughly 66%, which is the highest in Austria. The state's gross domestic product (GDP) reached 19.1 billion euros in 2018. This accounts for 4.9% of the total economic output of Austria.

Mohrenbrauerei Dornbirn
Mohrenbrauerei Dornbirn

The region is one of the wealthiest in the world, particularly the Rhine Valley. Large companies drive this prosperity, including Alpla, Blum, and Doppelmayr. Agriculture also remains a vital sector, especially in the Bregenzerwald. Farmers there practice Alpine transhumance, or "Dreistufenwirtschaft."

Kufstein Almabtrieb 2005
Kufstein Almabtrieb 2005

This involves moving livestock between valleys in winter and high mountain pastures in summer. This seasonal movement is essential for local cheese production.

Nature conservation is a major focus in the region through protected areas. The Biosphere Reserve Großes Walsertal has been a UNESCO site since 2000.

Großes Walsertal
Großes Walsertal

This reserve covers about 19,200 hectares and supports about 3,420 inhabitants. Its goal is to promote sustainable development, research, and the protection of natural diversity. Another important area is the Nagelfluhkette Nature Park. This park is 24,700 hectares and sits on the border between Germany and Austria. It features high biodiversity caused by geological variety and human land cultivation. These protected areas help preserve the unique Alpine environment for the future.

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🖼️ Images & Media (25)
’s Ländle, meine Heimat.ogg
File:Vorarlberg Bezirke.png
Vorarlberg Bezirke.png
File:Großes Walsertal.jpg
Großes Walsertal.jpg
File:ProVorarlberg.jpg
ProVorarlberg.jpg
File:Mohrenbrauerei Dornbirn.JPG
Mohrenbrauerei Dornbirn.JPG
File:Kufstein Almabtrieb 2005.jpg
Kufstein Almabtrieb 2005.jpg
File:Vorderhopfreben Üntschenspitze 1.jpg
Vorderhopfreben Üntschenspitze 1.jpg
File:Fachhochschule Vorarlberg 1.jpg
Fachhochschule Vorarlberg 1.jpg
File:PH Vorarlberg.jpg
PH Vorarlberg.jpg
File:ÖBB 4748 005 Sulz-Röthis 2311.jpg
ÖBB 4748 005 Sulz-Röthis 2311.jpg
File:Stuben am Arlberg Panorama.jpg
Stuben am Arlberg Panorama.jpg
File:Der Weiße Ring.JPG
Der Weiße Ring.JPG

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