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Voice acting

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Voice acting is a specialized dramatic profession involving the performance of a character or the delivery of information through the human voice. Performers, often called voice actors or actresses, provide the vocal identity for many types of media. These roles include animated characters, off-screen figures in live-action films, and non-visible characters in video games. The work can extend to documentaries, commercials, audiobooks, and radio dramas. Sometimes, a voice actor may also perform singing for a fictional character. In some advanced setups, they may simultaneously undertake motion-capture acting to match their voice to physical movements.

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Atunda Ayenda Cast

There are several distinct ways that voice acting is applied in the industry. One primary method is narration, which uses spoken commentary to convey a story or plot to an audience. A narrator can be a specific character or a non-personal voice developed by a creator. In literary works like novels, narration is a required element, but in films or video games, it is often optional. Another major category is commercial advertising. In this field, actors are hired to voice specific messages for television, radio, or online platforms. Different sub-genres require different styles; for example, television commercials often use a narrow, flat inflection pattern, known as prosody. In contrast, radio commercials often use a very wide, almost over-the-top inflection pattern.

Techniques like "de-breathing" are also used to refine these performances. De-breathing is the process of artificially removing breaths from a recorded voice. Historically, this was used almost exclusively in commercial advertising to prevent the audience from being distracted by breathing sounds. However, this technique has become increasingly common in many other types of voice work. Another technical process is Automated Dialogue Replacement, or ADR. This is also known as "looping" or "post-synchronization" in the United Kingdom. In an ADR session, an actor re-records dialogue after the filming process is complete. This is done to improve audio quality, fix timing, or replace an accented performance to improve diction.

Translation and localization also rely heavily on vocal skill. Dub localization is the practice of altering a foreign-language film or series. In voice-over translation, an audiovisual technique is used where actors record their voices over the original audio track. This allows the original audio to still be heard faintly in the background. This method is most frequently used in news reports and documentaries to translate the words of foreign-language interviewees. In some countries, like Iran, voice acting is divided into specific categories. These include Persian film voice-overs, Iranian animation, and the dubbing of foreign films. In Iran, dubbing directors carefully match the translated sentences to the atmosphere of the film and the movement of the actors' mouths.

Atunda Ayenda Cast
Atunda Ayenda Cast

Voice acting has a deep history and varies significantly across different cultures. In the United Kingdom, the profession is highly recognized due to the long history of BBC Radio producing radio dramas. From 1988 to 1994, the UK actually banned the broadcasting of voices linked to violence in Northern Ireland. To bypass this, producers used voice actors to dub over the synchronized footage of those individuals. In Japan, the industry is massive, with approximately 130 voice acting schools and troupes. Many Japanese performers attract huge fanbases and even branch into music by singing theme songs for their shows. In Brazil, dubbing is a major part of the culture because most Brazilians prefer watching movies in their native Portuguese.

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Atunda Ayenda Cast

Beyond entertainment, voice acting is part of our everyday automated systems. Voice artists record sample fragments that computers play back, such as the "mind the gap" announcement on the London Underground. This specific announcement was introduced in 1969 and is currently voiced by Emma Clarke. More complex systems, like a speaking clock, re-assemble fragments like "minutes past" or "p.m." to create full sentences. These automated voices are also found in phone systems and tourist attractions.

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Atunda Ayenda Cast

In recent years, the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has created significant changes and concerns. Since the late 2010s, software has become more popular for generating or modifying human voices. In 2019, the startup Dessa created a computer-generated voice of Joe Rogan using thousands of hours of his podcast audio. In 2020, Ubisoft used speech synthesis for thousands of characters in the game Watch Dogs: Legion. This technology has led to fears regarding the livelihood of human actors. The 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike included intense negotiations regarding the regulation of AI in Hollywood. While some deals were made, such as with Replica Studios, many prominent actors expressed concerns about a lack of protections.

Atunda Ayenda Cast
Atunda Ayenda Cast

Finally, AI technology has introduced the challenge of "audio deepfakes." These are believable, synthetic recordings that make it seem like a person is saying something they did not actually say. In October 2023, a deepfake of British Labour leader Keir Starmer was released. In the same month, a deepfake of Slovak politician Michal Šimečka was used to falsely claim he was discussing election rigging. In early 2024, an AI-generated voice of U.S. President Joe Biden was used in phone calls to discourage voters in New Hampshire. These developments show how voice acting is now connected to complex discussions about technology, law, and truth.

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