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Vietnamese Pot-bellied

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The Vietnamese Pot-bellied is a unique and traditional breed of small domestic pig.

Lon i Sa Pa, cropped
Lon i Sa Pa, cropped

Known in Vietnam as the Lợn i, this animal is an endangered breed. It is easily recognized by its uniformly black skin and heavily wrinkled appearance. The pig is named for its low-hanging belly that sags toward the ground.

Lợn âm dương
Lợn âm dương

Beyond its physical look, the breed holds deep cultural meaning. In the traditional Đông Hồ paintings of Bắc Ninh province, these pigs symbolize happiness, wealth, and satiety. This makes the breed a significant part of Vietnamese heritage.

Physically, the Lợn i is a small and robust animal. It typically weighs about 25 kilograms and stands roughly 45 centimeters tall. The pig has a small head with an up-turned snout and heavy, sagging jowls. Its ears and eyes are also quite small. One of its most striking features is a pronounced sway back.

Lon i Sa Pa, cropped
Lon i Sa Pa, cropped

Because of its shape, the large sagging belly of a pregnant sow may actually drag on the ground. Despite its small size, the breed is very hardy. It shows good resistance to many diseases and various parasites.

This breed is perfectly adapted to its native environment. The Lợn i is often raised extensively, meaning it can roam and find its own food. It forages well on water plants and rice straw.

Lon i Sa Pa, cropped
Lon i Sa Pa, cropped

The pig is especially suited to marshy and muddy terrain. It uses plantigrade feet to navigate these wet areas. This means the animal bears its weight on all four toes of each foot. This physical trait helps it move effectively through the mud of its natural habitat.

Researchers recognize two principal types within this specific breed. The first type is the Lợn mo, which is the typical small, short-legged version. The Lợn mo has a short snout and small ears that point upward. The second type is the Lợn pha. The Lợn pha is a taller version of the pig. It possesses longer legs, a longer snout, and larger ears that are held horizontally.

Lợn âm dương
Lợn âm dương

These distinctions help categorize the different physical variations of the Lợn i.

The history of the Lợn i shows a dramatic change in population. It is thought to have originated in the Nam Định province within the Red River Delta. It was once the dominant local breed across many provinces, including Hà Nam, Ninh Bình, and Thái Bình. It also lived in Thanh Hóa to the south. Until the 1970s, the breed was likely the most numerous in northern Vietnam, with millions of pigs. However, a more productive breed called Móng Cái began to replace it after that time.

Conservation efforts have faced many difficult challenges. The National Institute of Animal Husbandry of Vietnam started a program to help farmers. They provided subsidies to those who reared purebred stock. Unfortunately, this led to increased inbreeding among the animals. The population numbers dropped sharply over the decades. In 1991, the total population was estimated at only 1,000 pigs. By 2010, that number had fallen to just 120.

Lon i Sa Pa, cropped
Lon i Sa Pa, cropped

In 2003, the breed was listed as critical, and the Food and Agriculture Organization listed it as endangered in 2007.

The Lợn i has also traveled far beyond the borders of Vietnam. In the 1960s, small numbers were exported to Sweden and Canada for zoos or laboratory experiments. Within ten years, they reached animal parks across Europe. By the mid-1980s, the pigs entered the United States via Canada. This led to a short-lived fad where the "pot-bellied pig" was marketed as a pet.

Lợn âm dương
Lợn âm dương

Not all of these were purebred, and some grew to a considerable size. In 2013, the pig was even declared an invasive species in Spain.

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File:Lợn âm dương.JPG
Lợn âm dương.JPG
File:Lon i Sa Pa, cropped.jpg
Lon i Sa Pa, cropped.jpg
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