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Valais

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Valais is a large canton in the Swiss Confederation.

Karte Kanton Wallis 2010
Karte Kanton Wallis 2010

It sits in the southwestern part of Switzerland. The canton borders France to the west and Italy to the south. To the north, it meets the cantons of Vaud and Bern. To the east, it borders Uri and Ticino. It is one of the three large southern Alpine cantons.

XBG-Antenne B&W (2)
XBG-Antenne B&W (2)

The canton is divided into thirteen districts. Sion serves as its capital and largest city.

Stockalper Palace
Stockalper Palace

The geography of Valais is shaped by the Rhône Valley. This wide, glacial valley runs from the mountain headwaters to Lake Geneva. The Rhône river flows from east to west. It begins at the Rhône Glacier and moves toward Martigny. Then, the river turns north toward Lake Geneva.

Salgesch-Pfynwald
Salgesch-Pfynwald

Two massive mountain ranges border this valley. The Bernese Alps lie to the north. The Valais Alps sit to the south. These ranges include many peaks over 4,000 meters high. The highest peak is Monte Rosa. The Finsteraarhorn is also a very prominent mountain.

Alps
Alps

Valais has a very diverse climate and landscape. The central Rhône valley is one of the driest regions in Switzerland. This dry environment makes it a major wine region.

Clavau
Clavau

However, the high mountains are very different. The highest peaks receive large amounts of rain and snow. This area contains massive glaciers. The Aletsch Glacier is one of the largest in the Alps.

Aletschgletscher mit Pinus cembra1
Aletschgletscher mit Pinus cembra1

The canton also produces a lot of hydroelectricity. This energy comes from the water in the mountains.

Barrage de la Grande-Dixence
Barrage de la Grande-Dixence

The history of Valais stretches back to Roman times. The Romans called the upper valley Vallis Poenina. They conquered the area in 57 BC after the Battle of Octodurus. Later, the bishops of Sion built churches and castles.

Valère castle in Sion, Switzerland, Photo by Giles Laurent
Valère castle in Sion, Switzerland, Photo by Giles Laurent

These buildings represented their power over the land. In 1529, Valais became an associate member of the Swiss Confederation. It later became a republic in 1628. The country finally entered the Swiss Confederation as a canton in 1815.

Ernest Biéler Entrée du Valais dans la Confédération
Ernest Biéler Entrée du Valais dans la Confédération

Language is an important part of Valais culture. The canton is bilingual, using French and German. The people divide the region into three traditional parts. The Lower Valais and Central Valais are mostly French-speaking. The Upper Valais is the German-speaking region. The linguistic border is located at Pfynwald.

Salgesch-Pfynwald
Salgesch-Pfynwald

This division has existed for many centuries. In the 14th century, German speakers from Bern colonized the upper valley. This changed the language of that region forever.

Modern Valais is famous for its tourism industry. Many people visit the Alpine resort towns. Notable towns include Crans-Montana, Saas Fee, and Verbier. Zermatt is another very popular destination. It is famous because it overlooks the Matterhorn. The Matterhorn is an iconic landmark of the canton.

Alps
Alps

In the late 19th century, the golden age of alpinism began. The first ascent of the Matterhorn happened in 1865. This event helped start the tourism boom. Transportation also improved with new railways. The Simplon Railway opened in 1878. The Lötschberg Railway followed in 1913.

Valais is a land of extremes and connections. It is the third largest canton in Switzerland by area. It is also the highest canton in terms of elevation. This rugged terrain makes it a unique part of the Alps. The canton connects the Swiss Plateau to the Mediterranean regions. It sits between the Rhine and Po basins. This position makes it a vital part of the European landscape. The mountains and valleys define its character and its history.

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🖼️ Images & Media (19)
File:Karte Kanton Wallis 2010.png
Karte Kanton Wallis 2010.png
File:XBG-Antenne B&W (2).jpg
XBG-Antenne B&W (2).jpg
File:Valère castle in Sion, Switzerland, Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg
Valère castle in Sion, Switzerland, Photo...
File:Valais1300 english.png
Valais1300 english.png
File:Karte Wallis 1545.jpg
Karte Wallis 1545.jpg
File:Ernest Biéler Entrée du Valais dans la Confédération.jpg
Ernest Biéler Entrée du Valais dans la...
File:Salgesch-Pfynwald.jpg
Salgesch-Pfynwald.jpg
File:Aletschgletscher mit Pinus cembra1.jpg
Aletschgletscher mit Pinus cembra1.jpg
File:Alps.jpg
Alps.jpg
File:Karte Kanton Wallis Bezirke.png
Karte Kanton Wallis Bezirke.png
File:Maria zum Schnee.jpg
Maria zum Schnee.jpg
File:Clavau.jpg
Clavau.jpg

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