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Urdu

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Urdu is a major language spoken by millions of people. It is the national language of Pakistan. It is also an official language in India. Many people in India use it in states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

Geographical distribution of Urdu in India and Pakistan
Geographical distribution of Urdu in India and Pakistan

Urdu is very important to many cultures. It is the tenth most spoken language in the world. It connects many different people through speech and writing.

New Delhi railway station board
New Delhi railway station board

This language works like a beautiful mixture of different parts. It uses a grammar base from a local dialect called Khari Boli. However, it adds many words from Persian and Arabic.

Urdu-alphabet-en-hi-final
Urdu-alphabet-en-hi-final

People write Urdu using a special style called Nastaleeq. This is a flowing style of calligraphy. It looks like art on the page.

Nuskaha-e-Hamidiyya
Nuskaha-e-Hamidiyya

This mix of words and styles makes the language unique.

Urdu has a long and interesting history. It grew in the area around Delhi in India. In the 13th century, a poet named Amir Khusrau helped start its literature.

Lashkari Zaban calligraphy
Lashkari Zaban calligraphy

Later, it became popular in royal courts. In 1837, it became an official language for the British East India Company. This replaced Persian as the main language in northern India. The language has changed and grown for hundreds of years.

There are many facts about how Urdu has been named. The word "Urdu" comes from a Turkic word meaning "army."

Zaban urdu mualla
Zaban urdu mualla

Some people called it "Zaban-e-Urdu-e-Mualla," which means the language of the exalted camp. Another name was "Rekhta," which means "to create a mixture." In the past, European writers sometimes called it "Moors." These names show how the language moved through different groups of people.

Urdu is very close to the Hindi language. They are like cousins that share many same sounds. They even use the same grammar and basic words.

Trilingual road sign in India
Trilingual road sign in India

When people speak casually, they can often understand each other. However, they use different scripts to write. As the languages become more formal, they start to sound more different. This connection shows how closely linked the cultures of South Asia are.

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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:Nuskaha-e-Hamidiyya.jpg
Nuskaha-e-Hamidiyya.jpg
File:Geographical distribution of Urdu in India and Pakistan.png
Geographical distribution of Urdu in...
File:Distribution of Urdu as a first, second, and third largest mother tongue by district in Pakistan.jpg
Distribution of Urdu as a first, second,...
File:Urdu-speakers by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg
Urdu-speakers by Pakistani District -...
File:UAE_signboard.jpg
UAE_signboard.jpg
File:New_Delhi_railway_station_board.jpg
New_Delhi_railway_station_board.jpg
File:Trilingual road sign in India.png
Trilingual road sign in India.png
File:Zaban_urdu_mualla.png
Zaban_urdu_mualla.png
File:Lashkari Zaban calligraphy.png
Lashkari Zaban calligraphy.png
File:Urdu-alphabet-en-hi-final.svg
Urdu-alphabet-en-hi-final.svg
File:Double-Headed Eagle Stupa at Sirkap 06.jpg
Double-Headed Eagle Stupa at Sirkap 06.jpg
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