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Ukraine

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Ukraine is a large country located in Eastern Europe.

Map of Ukraine with Cities
Map of Ukraine with Cities

It is the second-largest nation on the European continent, sitting just after Russia. Russia borders Ukraine to the east and the northeast. To the north, Ukraine meets the country of Belarus. The western borders touch Poland and Slovakia. To the southwest, you will find Hungary, Romania, and Moldova. In the south and southeast, the land meets the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.

Europe-Ukraine (disputed territory)
Europe-Ukraine (disputed territory)

The land is very important for feeding the world. Ukraine has extensive fertile soil that is perfect for growing crops. This makes the country a major exporter of grain to many other places.

Spasiv Rivne Oblast Ukraine 4
Spasiv Rivne Oblast Ukraine 4

However, grain production has gone down since 2022 due to the Russo-Ukrainian war. This change can make food security harder for people globally. The country's economy is currently in a state of transition. As of 2024, it has the lowest nominal GDP per capita in Europe.

Koppen-Geiger Map UKR present
Koppen-Geiger Map UKR present

Ukraine has a history that goes back a very long time. Humans have lived in this area since 32,000 BC.

Indo-European migrations
Indo-European migrations

In the 9th century, a state called Kievan Rus' emerged. During the 10th and 11th centuries, it was the largest and most powerful realm in Europe. This was a Golden Age for culture and power. Later, the Mongols destroyed the city of Kyiv in the 13th century. For the next 600 years, many different powers ruled the land. These included the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian Empire.

Principalities of Kievan Rus' (1054-1132)
Principalities of Kievan Rus' (1054-1132)

Modern Ukraine has seen many big changes and difficult times. In 1917, a short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic was formed. Later, the country became part of the Soviet Union in 1922. During the 1930s, millions of people died in a famine called the Holodomor.

GolodomorKharkiv
GolodomorKharkiv

World War II was also very hard, and 7 million civilians were killed. Ukraine finally gained its independence in 1991 when the Soviet Union dissolved.

RIAN archive 848095 Signing the Agreement to eliminate the USSR and establish the Commonwealth of Independent States
RIAN archive 848095 Signing the Agreement to eliminate the USSR and establish the Commonwealth of Independent States

Since then, it has worked to become a free democracy.

Chart Constitution of Ukraine EN
Chart Constitution of Ukraine EN

Today, Ukraine is a semi-presidential republic with a strong military. Its military is the sixth largest in the entire world.

UA 25th brigade BMP-1TS 02
UA 25th brigade BMP-1TS 02

The country also uses one of the largest and most diverse drone fleets. Ukraine is a founding member of the United Nations. It is also working toward joining the European Union.

EU DCFTA EFTA
EU DCFTA EFTA

The capital city is Kyiv, which is the largest city in the nation.

Міст Патона з нічною архітектурною підсвіткою та панорама Лівого берега
Міст Патона з нічною архітектурною підсвіткою та панорама Лівого берега

Other important cities include Kharkiv, Odesa, and Dnipro. The people there speak the Ukrainian language.

Ukrainian national costumes 04
Ukrainian national costumes 04
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🖼️ Images & Media (45)
Президентський оркестр Гімн.ogg
File:Ukraine (orthographic projection) with Disputed Land.png
Ukraine (orthographic projection) with...
File:Europe-Ukraine (disputed territory).svg
Europe-Ukraine (disputed territory).svg
File:Topographic map of Ukraine (with borders and towns).svg
Topographic map of Ukraine (with borders...
File:Indo-European migrations.jpg
Indo-European migrations.jpg
File:Principalities of Kievan Rus' (1054-1132).jpg
Principalities of Kievan Rus' (1054-1132).jpg
File:Rzeczpospolita2nar.png
Rzeczpospolita2nar.png
File:Hondius Bohdan Khmelnytsky.jpg
Hondius Bohdan Khmelnytsky.jpg
File:Polish troops in Kiev.jpg
Polish troops in Kiev.jpg
File:Ukrainian national costumes 04.jpg
Ukrainian national costumes 04.jpg
File:GolodomorKharkiv.jpg
GolodomorKharkiv.jpg
File:Les Kurbas Portrait.jpg
Les Kurbas Portrait.jpg

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