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Transgender

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A transgender person is someone whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. The term "transgender" is often shortened to "trans" in everyday conversation. In contrast, people whose gender identity matches the sex they were assigned at birth are called cisgender. Because the term covers many different experiences, it often functions as an umbrella term. This means it includes a wide variety of identities. These can include binary trans men and trans women. It also encompasses non-binary or genderqueer people.

Melissa Venezian
Melissa Venezian

Being transgender is distinct from a person's sexual orientation. A transgender person may identify as heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, or asexual. They may also choose not to use a specific label for their orientation. Some transgender people experience gender dysphoria. This is a state of distress caused by the discordance between biological sex and experienced gender. To manage this, some individuals seek medical assistance to transition. This may include hormone replacement therapy, gender-affirming surgery, or psychotherapy. However, not all transgender people desire these specific medical treatments. Some may choose not to transition at all, while others face legal or financial barriers to accessing care.

Terminology regarding these identities has evolved significantly over the last century. The term "transsexual" was introduced in English by David Oliver Cauldwell in 1949. It was later popularized by Harry Benjamin in 1966. This term was modeled after the German concept "Transsexualismus" from 1923. While some individuals still identify with the term transsexual, the American Psychological Association (APA) considers it largely outdated. Many people now prefer the term transgender because it is more inclusive. It carries fewer social stigmas than older medical labels.

Laverne Cox by Sachyn Mital
Laverne Cox by Sachyn Mital

The specific word "transgender" was coined by psychiatrist John Oliven in 1965. He used it in his book, "Sexual Hygiene and Pathology." Oliven suggested the term because he believed "transsexualism" was a misleading label. While his original definition differed from modern usage, his work was a significant milestone. Later, figures like Virginia Prince used variations such as "transgenderal" in the late 1960s. Prince used these terms to describe people who lived in the opposite gender without seeking surgery. By the mid-1970s, both "trans-gender" and "trans" were being used as umbrella terms.

Camille Cabral pour les Trans
Camille Cabral pour les Trans

In the 1980s and 1990s, the concept of a "transgender community" became more defined. In 1985, Richard Ekins established the Trans-Gender Archive at the University of Ulster. By the early 1990s, the term expanded to include various cross-gender practices. In 1992, Leslie Feinberg published a pamphlet titled "Transgender Liberation: A Movement Whose Time has Come." This work helped unify many forms of gender nonconformity. During this same era, theorist Susan Stryker defined transgender as encompassing identities that move between socially constructed sex and gender boundaries. This included identities like the Native American berdache or the Indian Hijra.

Jogappas at Bangalore
Jogappas at Bangalore

Statistical data on transgender populations can vary due to different definitions. Generally, less than 1% of the global population is transgender. Estimates often range from less than 0.1% to 0.6%. Canada became the first country to collect specific census data on transgender and non-binary populations in 2021. Understanding these numbers is difficult because many people may not disclose their identity. Accurate data helps researchers and governments understand the needs of this community.

Existrans 2017 (37146607344)
Existrans 2017 (37146607344)

Transgender people often face unique social challenges, including transphobia. Transphobia refers to discrimination or violence directed at transgender individuals. This can occur in workplaces, in healthcare settings, or when accessing public spaces. In many jurisdictions, there are no legal protections against this type of discrimination. To build awareness and support, various cultural events are held. These include the International Transgender Day of Visibility and the Transgender Day of Remembrance. The transgender flag serves as a common symbol of pride and identity.

Transgender symbol ⚧ on a trafic light in Trafalgar Square
Transgender symbol ⚧ on a trafic light in Trafalgar Square
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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:Bell Gallery, Anderson Library U of Minnesota-Transgender Oral History Project-03.jpg
Bell Gallery, Anderson Library U of...
File:Victoria Sin, sandwich.jpg
Victoria Sin, sandwich.jpg
File:Edward de Lacey Evans (1879) admitted into Kew Asylum, portrait 1.png
Edward de Lacey Evans (1879) admitted...
File:Camille Cabral pour les Trans.JPG
Camille Cabral pour les Trans.JPG
Hate Hurts Wales - Portrayal of...
File:Jogappas at Bangalore.jpg
Jogappas at Bangalore.jpg
File:Melissa Venezian.jpg
Melissa Venezian.jpg
File:Nongthoomfairtex.jpg
Nongthoomfairtex.jpg
File:Laverne Cox by Sachyn Mital.jpg
Laverne Cox by Sachyn Mital.jpg
File:Existrans 2017 (37146607344).jpg
Existrans 2017 (37146607344).jpg
File:Transgender symbol ⚧ on a trafic light in Trafalgar Square.jpg
Transgender symbol ⚧ on a trafic light in...
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