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Thriller film

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A thriller film is a broad cinematic genre designed to evoke excitement and suspense in an audience.

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Filmmakers exploit the suspense element found in many plots to create intense tension. This tension is often achieved by delaying an event that the audience perceives as inevitable. Directors build this feeling through menacing situations or scenarios where escape seems impossible. Common methods include covering up important information from the viewer or using intense fight and chase scenes. In many cases, the protagonist's life is threatened, often without them realizing they have entered a dangerous situation. The characters typically conflict with one another or with an abstract outside force.

Defining the thriller is difficult because the category is remarkably broad and vague. Unlike the Western genre, which uses recognizable iconography like cowboys and saloons, the thriller lacks unique visual symbols. Scholar Martin Rubin notes that thrillers emphasize qualities like action, atmosphere, and speed. They prioritize feelings of exhilaration and mystery over cerebral or emotionally heavy themes. Because of this breadth, many experts view the thriller as an "umbrella genre." This means it cuts across several other clearly defined categories. It is often hybridized with other super-genres, such as action thrillers or science fiction thrillers.

There are different ways to categorize the types of heroes found in these stories. Specialist Charles Derry identified a specific type of suspense thriller featuring innocent victims or non-professional criminals. These protagonists are often placed in unfamiliar situations, which increases their vulnerability and the resulting suspense. This "innocent-on-the-run" theme is seen in films like The 39 Steps (1935) and North by Northwest (1959). Conversely, professor Jerry Palmer suggested that a true thriller requires a professional, competitive hero. He argued that characters like the spy James Bond are quintessential thriller heroes. Under Palmer's definition, the audience must approve of the hero's actions and moral perspective.

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Miseryposter

The genre also shares a close relationship with horror films, as both aim to elicit tension. However, thriller films differ from crime films in their primary focus. While crime plots involve illegal acts, thrillers focus less on the criminal or the detective and more on generating suspense. Common themes within the genre include political conspiracy, terrorism, and romantic triangles that lead to murder. Some researchers, like Pablo Castrillo and Pablo Echart, note that the boundaries of the political thriller are often blurred. This overlapping makes it hard to separate a thriller from other intense narrative forms.

Fritz Lang CM738
Fritz Lang CM738

The roots of the thriller can be traced back to 18th-century fiction. The Gothic novel, such as Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto (1765), anticipated the genre through its emphasis on sensation and emotion. Later, the Victorian sensation novel brought these elements into a more contemporary setting. These stories were often serialized and used "cliffhangers" to maintain reader interest. Early detective fiction, including the works of Edgar Allan Poe, also provided a foundation. The rise of urban-industrial society in the 19th century further expanded the audience for these high-stakes stories.

In the early era of cinema, the genre evolved from the "cinema of attractions." These were short films that provided surprise or amazement without a complex narrative. The "chase film" became prominent around 1903, utilizing minimal narrative to focus on extended pursuit scenes. The Great Train Robbery (1903) is a famous example that combined heist elements with accelerated motion. As the industry matured, directors like D.W. Griffith introduced new techniques to enhance the experience. Griffith used cross-cutting to build psychological depth and suspense within his films.

Miseryposter
Miseryposter

The impact of the genre is recognized by major institutions. In 2001, the American Film Institute (AFI) selected the top 100 greatest American "heart-pounding" films. The AFI asked jurors to judge the total adrenaline-inducing impact of a film's artistry and craft. These films were chosen because they enlivened and enriched America's film heritage. Whether through a complex conspiracy or a simple chase, the thriller remains a powerful way to explore human tension and excitement.

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