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Thomas Jefferson

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Thomas Jefferson was a very important leader in early American history.

Mather Brown - Thomas Jefferson - Google Art Project
Mather Brown - Thomas Jefferson - Google Art Project

He was the third president of the United States. He led the nation from 1801 to 1809. Jefferson was also the main writer of the Declaration of Independence. This famous document helped start the country. He believed in democracy and the rights of all people. He thought people should have freedom of speech and religion.

United States Declaration of Independence
United States Declaration of Independence

Jefferson grew up in the Colony of Virginia. He was born on April 13, 1743, at Shadwell Plantation. His father, Peter Jefferson, was a surveyor and a planter. Thomas was the third of ten children in his family. He loved to study the natural world and read many books. He even studied Latin, Greek, and French.

ChristopherWrenBuilding
ChristopherWrenBuilding

As a young man, he went to the College of William & Mary. There, he studied math and philosophy. He spent many hours reading and learning from great thinkers. He even joined a secret club called the Flat Hat Club.

Jefferson had a very busy career with many different jobs. He worked as a lawyer and represented Albemarle County in the House of Burgesses. He also served as the governor of Virginia from 1779 to 1781. Later, he was the U.S. Minister to France from 1785 to 1789. President Washington chose him to be the first secretary of state.

The Governor's Palace -- Williamsburg (VA) September 2012
The Governor's Palace -- Williamsburg (VA) September 2012

In 1796, he ran for president but came in second. This made him the vice president under the laws of that time. Finally, he won the presidency in the election of 1800. He was reelected again in 1804.

During his time as president, Jefferson made several big changes. He helped the nation grow much larger through the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. This deal doubled the size of the United States. He also supported the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore the West.

Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Purchase

To protect American trade, he passed the Embargo Act in 1807. He also worked to defend the nation against Barbary pirates.

1800 map Afrique by Arrowsmith BPL 15210 detail2
1800 map Afrique by Arrowsmith BPL 15210 detail2

Jefferson also loved architecture and designed his own home. He called his house Monticello, which means "Little Mountain."

Monticello 2010-10-29
Monticello 2010-10-29

He spent much of his adult life working on its design.

Many people study Jefferson today because his life was complex. He is praised for supporting religious freedom and for his love of books. He even sold his large library to help rebuild the Library of Congress.

Lawn UVa Rotunda Pavilions II and IV
Lawn UVa Rotunda Pavilions II and IV

However, his life also included very difficult truths. He owned a large number of enslaved people throughout his life. This is a serious part of his history that scholars continue to discuss. People look at his ideas about liberty alongside the reality of slavery. He remains one of the most famous figures in American history.

Thomas Jefferson's Grave Site
Thomas Jefferson's Grave Site
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🖼️ Images & Media (30)
File:ChristopherWrenBuilding.jpg
ChristopherWrenBuilding.jpg
File:Monticello 2010-10-29.jpg
Monticello 2010-10-29.jpg
File:United States Declaration of Independence.jpg
United States Declaration of Independence.jpg
File:The Governor's Palace -- Williamsburg (VA) September 2012.jpg
The Governor's Palace -- Williamsburg...
File:Independence Hall Assembly Room.jpg
Independence Hall Assembly Room.jpg
File:Grille De Chaillot.jpg
Grille De Chaillot.jpg
File:Mather Brown - Thomas Jefferson - Google Art Project.jpg
Mather Brown - Thomas Jefferson - Google...
File:Thomas Jefferson by Peale (cropped).jpg
Thomas Jefferson by Peale (cropped).jpg
File:ElectoralCollege1796.svg
ElectoralCollege1796.svg
File:ElectoralCollege1800.svg
ElectoralCollege1800.svg
File:Reproduction-of-the-1805-Rembrandt-Peale-painting-of-Thomas-Jefferson-New-York-Historical-Society 1.jpg
Reproduction-of-the-1805-Rembrandt-Peale-p...
File:Albert Gallatin (by Gilbert Stuart).jpg
Albert Gallatin (by Gilbert Stuart).jpg

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