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The Straits Times

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The Straits Times is a major daily English-language newspaper based in Singapore. It is currently owned by the SPH Media Trust and serves as the nation's newspaper of record. This title means it is considered a primary, authoritative source for important historical and current events. The publication uses a large format known as a broadsheet, but it also maintains a digital presence. Its online version was first launched in 1994 to reach modern readers. Today, it holds the position of the most widely circulated newspaper in Singapore and maintains a significant regional audience.

ST15February1942
ST15February1942

The origins of the paper are a subject of debate among historians. Before 1845, the only English newspaper in Singapore was The Singapore Free Press, founded in 1835. One account suggests an Armenian merchant named Marterus Thaddeus Apcar intended to start a paper. He hired an editor and bought printing equipment from England, but the editor died before the equipment arrived. This caused Apcar to go bankrupt. Consequently, his friend Catchick Moses bought the equipment and launched the paper on July 15, 1845. It originally operated as The Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce. It began as an eight-page weekly published at 7 Commercial Square using a hand-operated press. The monthly subscription fee was Sp.$1.75.

Robert Carr Woods Sr., an English journalist from Bombay, served as the first editor. He worked to distinguish the paper from its rivals by including humor, short stories, and foreign news. He also utilized regular steamship services that carried mail to provide updated information. In September 1846, the paper was given to Woods because the press was not profitable for Moses. To cover financial deficits, Woods used the press for other projects. One such project was the publication of the first directory of Singapore, called The Straits Times Almanack, Calendar and Directory, in 1846. The paper eventually transitioned from a weekly to a daily newspaper in 1858.

ST15February1942
ST15February1942

The newspaper faced many challenges during its early decades. From 1861 to 1869, editor John Cameron managed the paper through a period of extreme difficulty. A highly destructive fire nearly forced the newspaper out of business. Cameron's assets were sold at a public auction for only $40, and he eventually went bankrupt. However, he successfully managed to revive the publication. Following his death in 1881, Arnot Reid served as editor for 12 years. Under Reid, the paper became a major reporter of political and economic events in British Malaya. It covered shipping news, civil unrest in Siam and Burma, and visits from dignitaries like the Sultan of Johor.

ST15February1942
ST15February1942

Alexander W. Still led the paper for 18 years following Reid's retirement. During his leadership, the paper earned the nickname "Thunderer of the East." This was a reference to The Times of London. Still was known for bold reporting and fearless commentary. He believed the press had a duty to investigate corruption in both government and business. He often criticized unethical businesses and even challenged the British colonial administration. For example, he attacked Governor Laurence Guillemard for attempting to delay news regarding constitutional changes. Despite these challenges, circulation grew from 3,600 in 1910 to 4,100 in 1920 under Still.

ST15February1942
ST15February1942

George Seabridge became editor in 1928 and oversaw a period of massive growth. Under his direction, subscribers increased from 5,000 to 25,000. To compete with the Malaya Tribune, which had surpassed its circulation in 1932, Seabridge made several strategic changes. He built a new office and updated the printing equipment. He also hired local journalists and began delivering papers upcountry. In 1938, the paper even began delivering by air to Kuala Lumpur. To make the paper more attractive, he incorporated pictures, comics, and "women's columns." These changes helped the paper regain its competitive edge.

ST15February1942
ST15February1942

The paper's history is also tied to the geopolitical shifts of the mid-20th century. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, tensions rose in Asia. In July 1941, Duff Cooper arrived in Singapore to investigate defense policy against a potential Japanese invasion. Seabridge, acting as editor, was highly critical of the government's lack of planning. He strongly urged the implementation of civil defense and martial law. In December 1941, Japanese attacks began in the northern Malay states. This period of conflict brought significant changes to how information was managed and reported in the region during the occupation.

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