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The Motherland Calls

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The Motherland Calls is a colossal war memorial sculpture located on Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd, Russia.

The Motherland Calls, 2019
The Motherland Calls, 2019

It is a work of neoclassicism and socialist realism, which are specific artistic styles used to create grand, heroic images. The monument commemorates the massive casualties from the Battle of Stalingrad. This battle took place between July 1942 and February 1943. It was a major conflict on the Eastern Front of World War II. The battle was a turning point in the war, but it came at a tremendous cost. Over one million Soviet casualties were estimated. The sculpture is the main part of a larger monument complex. This complex includes several plazas and other sculptural works.

Berlin Treptow Ehrenmal 07
Berlin Treptow Ehrenmal 07

The sculpture depicts a female personification of Russia, often called "Mother Russia." She is shown in a dynamic pose, wearing a windswept shawl that resembles wings. This design was inspired by the Winged Victory of Samothrace, an ancient Greek sculpture of the goddess Nike.

Victoire de Samothrace - Musee du Louvre - 20190812
Victoire de Samothrace - Musee du Louvre - 20190812

In her right hand, she holds a sword aloft. Her left hand is extended outward in a gesture to call the Soviet people to battle. The physical features of the statue were based on real people. The body was modeled after a 26-year-old waitress named Valentina Izotova. The face is believed to have been based on the wife of the sculptor, Yevgeny Vuchetich.

Designing the monument involved many changes and debates. Initially, Vuchetich and architect Yakov Belopolsky planned a granite sculpture. That original design featured a Red Army soldier genuflecting before Mother Russia. However, the plan changed in 1961 to a massive concrete structure. This new design was nearly double the height of the first plan. Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev ordered the increase in height. He wanted the statue to be taller than the Statue of Liberty to show dominance during the Cold War. This decision increased the project's cost, which had already exceeded its budget. Some military officials and writers criticized the change, fearing it would detract from other parts of the memorial.

Construction of the statue began in 1963 under the leadership of structural engineer Nikolai Nikitin. The project faced many technical and environmental challenges. The team had to assemble a massive framework and manage intricate details. Cold weather and unforeseen geological issues caused significant delays. The hill, Mamayev Kurgan, contains mellite clays. Nikitin had to ensure the foundation was stable by keeping the soil moisture low. The team also had to relocate water systems to protect the structure. Even the sword presented a problem. It had to be redesigned because of high wind resistance.

The Motherland Calls, 2019
The Motherland Calls, 2019

The monument was completed and dedicated on 15 October 1967. This date marked the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. Upon completion, it was the tallest statue in the world. If the pedestal is included, it is the tallest statue in Europe. The scale of the monument is truly massive. It serves as a permanent reminder of the intense conflict fought on that specific burial mound. Because of its historical importance, it has been a tentative candidate for UNESCO's World Heritage Sites list since 2014.

Maintaining such a large structure is a constant struggle. The statue has undergone many alterations and restoration attempts since its dedication. In 1972, engineers replaced the original sword with a version made of a higher-grade steel alloy. This was done specifically to reduce wind resistance. By 1986, the statue had tilted significantly from its original axis. In the early 21st century, the monument was in disrepair and faced the risk of collapsing. Extensive restoration efforts were carried out, including a major project completed by 2020. However, new structural issues and critiques have appeared following the renovations.

The Motherland Calls, 2019
The Motherland Calls, 2019

The Motherland Calls is more than just a piece of engineering; it is a deep cultural symbol. The image of the statue appears on many official Russian items. These include commemorative coins, stamps, and postcards. It connects the history of the Battle of Stalingrad to the modern identity of the nation. The memorial stands as a testament to the skill of the engineers and artists who overcame great obstacles. It remains a site where people go to honor the memory of those who fought and died.

Héroes de la batalla de Stalingrado
Héroes de la batalla de Stalingrado
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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Berlin Treptow Ehrenmal 07.jpg
Berlin Treptow Ehrenmal 07.jpg
File:Victoire de Samothrace - Musee du Louvre - 20190812.jpg
Victoire de Samothrace - Musee du Louvre...
File:Héroes de la batalla de Stalingrado.jpg
Héroes de la batalla de Stalingrado.jpg
File:The Motherland Calls, 2019.jpg
The Motherland Calls, 2019.jpg
File:Родина Мать в городе Маньчжурия.jpg
Родина Мать в городе Маньчжурия.jpg
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