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Terrace (building)

technology Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A terrace is an external, raised, and flat area that remains open to the sky.

Joenniemi manor terrace
Joenniemi manor terrace

These structures can appear in a landscape, such as a garden or a park, near a building. They can also function as a roof terrace on top of a flat roof.

DirkvdM casa grande roof terrace
DirkvdM casa grande roof terrace

The primary purpose of a terrace is to provide space for leisure activities. People use these areas for sitting, strolling, or resting. While they are always open to the sky, they may or may not be paved with hard materials.

Architectural terraces can be constructed in several ways. A terrace might be supported by a solid foundation or a natural embankment.

Pääsuvilla
Pääsuvilla

In the case of monumental buildings, a terrace often serves as a raised area in front of the structure. These grand terraces are frequently reached by a large staircase. They may also be surrounded by a balustrade, which is a low railing. This design helps define the space and provides a sense of importance to the building.

Humanity has used architectural terracing since prehistoric times. In the Middle East, early examples have been found at the Natufian site of Nahal Oren. This site was occupied between 13,000 and 9,834 BCE. Other ancient sites include Tel Yarmut, from 2,700 to 2,200 BCE, and Tel el-'Umeiri, from 600 BCE. Architectural terracing was not limited to the Middle East. It also occurred on the island of Babeldaob in Palau. In Greece, rooftop terraces were present at Knossos as early as 1700 BCE. The Roman Empire also built terraces extensively, often in front of monumental temples.

Different cultures have developed unique ways to integrate terraces into their homes. In traditional Thai "cluster houses," the dwelling is built around a central terrace called a chaan.

Tree on UCLA campus
Tree on UCLA campus

Small, enclosed rooms known as house cabins are placed around the edge of this terrace. These cabins are set higher than the chaan to provide built-in bench seating. Often, a tree grows through the center of the terrace to provide shade. People may also decorate these spaces with potted plants or large ceramic bowls containing fish and water lilies.

In Venice, Italy, a specific type of rooftop terrace is very common. Known as an altana, this structure developed around 1500 CE. An altana is a wooden platform that features small spaces between the floorboards. These gaps were originally designed to allow water to pass through. This was helpful when the terrace was used for hanging laundry to dry. Today, however, the altana is used primarily for social purposes rather than for housework.

Architects have offered many different theories regarding the design and function of terraces. In the early 20th century, Henry and Theodore Hubbard argued that a terrace should be a simple base. They believed it should serve as an interesting foundation for a building without being the main focal point. They also felt a terrace should command a good view. More recently, architect Catherine Dee has suggested that terraces link a structure to the landscape. She views the terrace as a functional extension of a person's living space.

In the 21st century, the importance of the terrace remains high. Architect Sophia Psarra notes that terraces are among the most common architectural forms used today. She places them in the same category as entrance halls, stairs, and corridors. However, landscape architect Russell Sturgis has observed a distinction in how they are used. He notes that terraces tend to be found only in larger and more expensive gardens. Whether used in a grand temple or a private home, terraces remain a vital way to connect buildings to the outdoors.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Tree on UCLA campus.jpg
Tree on UCLA campus.jpg
File:Joenniemi manor terrace.jpg
Joenniemi manor terrace.jpg
File:Pääsuvilla.jpg
Pääsuvilla.jpg
File:DirkvdM casa grande roof terrace.jpg
DirkvdM casa grande roof terrace.jpg
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