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Tefillin

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Tefillin are sets of small black leather boxes used in Jewish tradition.

A set of Tefillin
A set of Tefillin

These boxes contain scrolls made of parchment with verses from the Torah. Many Jewish adults wear them during morning prayers, known as Shacharit. In many Orthodox and traditional communities, only men wear them. However, some Reform and Conservative communities allow adults of any gender to wear them.

Tefillin worn by a man at the Western Wall in Jerusalem
Tefillin worn by a man at the Western Wall in Jerusalem

These items serve as a sign and a remembrance. They help people remember the Exodus from Egypt.

There are two main parts to a set of tefillin. The first is called the arm tefillah. It is placed on the upper arm that is not the dominant hand.

Tefillin leather box
Tefillin leather box

A long leather strap is wrapped around the arm, the hand, and the middle finger. The second part is the head tefillah. This box is placed on the forehead between the eyes.

4BranchShinTefillinJosephSherman
4BranchShinTefillinJosephSherman

The straps are very important for securing the boxes. The knots in the straps can even form Hebrew letters. Together, these letters spell Shaddai, which is one of the names of God.

People have used tefillin for a very long time. Archaeological finds at Qumran show that Jews understood the commandment to wear them literally.

Phylactery (teffilin) case Brooklyn Museum open
Phylactery (teffilin) case Brooklyn Museum open

The word tefillin is actually the plural form of the word tefillah. Some scholars believe the word originally meant a headband. In the past, some Jewish men wore tefillin all day long. Today, most people remove them after their morning services are finished. This practice connects modern people to ancient history and religious laws.

Making tefillin is a very careful and detailed job.

The boxes are usually made from a single piece of animal hide. There are different types, such as peshutim, which are simple, and dakkot, which are thin.

Jerusalem (997009326115605171
Jerusalem (997009326115605171

Inside, the arm box has one large compartment for the scrolls. The head box has four separate compartments. A scribe must write the holy verses using special ink and a specific script. If the scribe makes a mistake, the tefillin might not be allowed for use.

Many people believe tefillin help a person focus on their faith. The scholar Maimonides wrote that wearing them can help a person stay modest and avoid idle talk.

Others say they help a person control their worldly desires. Some people even like to use very beautiful boxes or bags. This is called hiddur mitzvah, which means making a commandment beautiful. By using high-quality materials, they show respect for their Creator. This turns a physical object into a way to express deep belief.

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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:A set of Tefillin.jpg
A set of Tefillin.jpg
File:Tefillin worn by a man at the Western Wall in Jerusalem.jpg
Tefillin worn by a man at the Western...
File:Asiatic captive depicted in Tomb of Horemheb in Saqqara.png
Asiatic captive depicted in Tomb of...
File:4BranchShinTefillinJosephSherman.jpg
4BranchShinTefillinJosephSherman.jpg
File:Tefillin leather box.jpg
Tefillin leather box.jpg
File:Phylactery (teffilin) case Brooklyn Museum open.jpg
Phylactery (teffilin) case Brooklyn...
File:Jeruzalem. Oude man maakt doosjes voor gebedssnoeren (tefellin) achter een voll…, Bestanddeelnr 255-2339.jpg
Jeruzalem. Oude man maakt doosjes voor...
File:Jerusalem (997009326115605171.jpg
Jerusalem (997009326115605171.jpg
File:Jew_in_Podolsk.jpg
Jew_in_Podolsk.jpg
File:Tefillin-shel-yad.jpg
Tefillin-shel-yad.jpg
File:IDF soldier put on tefillin.jpg
IDF soldier put on tefillin.jpg
File:Rodrigues-Pereira family Tefillin .jpg
Rodrigues-Pereira family Tefillin .jpg

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