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Take Five

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"Take Five" is a famous jazz standard.

Paul Desmond from Carl Van Vechten collection
Paul Desmond from Carl Van Vechten collection

It was composed by saxophonist Paul Desmond. The Dave Brubeck Quartet originally recorded it in 1959. The song is featured on the album titled "Time Out." It is widely considered one of the greatest jazz recordings ever made. Many people call it an iconic record. It has even been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. The song remains a staple for live performances and radio programs today.

The song is built on a very unusual rhythmic foundation. Most common music uses a four-beat pattern in each bar. "Take Five" uses quintuple time, which means there are five beats per bar.

Dave Brubeck Quartet 1962
Dave Brubeck Quartet 1962

This meter is split unevenly into groups of three and two quarter notes. This means the main musical accents land on the first and fourth beats. The composition uses a two-chord vamp involving E minor and B minor 7. This vamp is played by the piano and the upright bass. The melody is played on the alto saxophone using an E minor hexatonic blues scale.

The musical structure follows an ABA ternary form. This means the song has three main sections that repeat in a specific order. The album version contains ten distinct sections to guide the listener. It begins with an intro where the drums enter first. The piano joins after four bars, and the bass joins after eight bars. The "A" section features the main melody based on the blues scale. The "B" section is a bridge melody based on the G major scale. After the bridge, the song returns to the "A" section for a reprise. This includes an improvised modal solo by the alto saxophone and a drum solo by Joe Morello.

The history of the song began with a musical challenge. In 1958, the Dave Brubeck Quartet toured Eurasia for the U.S. State Department. Dave Brubeck wanted to experiment with odd time signatures he heard abroad. During this time, drummer Joe Morello challenged Desmond to write a piece in 5/4 time. Brubeck asked Desmond to write melodies around Morello's rhythmic ideas. The recording process was actually very difficult. On June 25, 1959, the group attempted to record the track 20 times. They spent 40 minutes trying, but they kept losing the beat. Producer Teo Macero eventually stopped the session. The group finally recorded the successful version in just two takes on July 1, 1959.

"Take Five" achieved massive commercial success over several years. It was released as a promotional single in September 1959. However, it became a "sleeper hit" in 1961. This happened after the song received heavy radio play on WNEW in New York City. In 1961, it reached number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100. It also reached number 5 on the Billboard Easy Listening chart. The song was the first jazz single to sell over one million copies. By December 1967, sales had reached two million copies. Even after Dave Brubeck died in 2012, the song saw new popularity in Europe. It re-entered the charts in Austria, France, and the Netherlands.

Many different artists have created their own versions of this song. The first known cover was by singer Carmen McRae in 1961. She used lyrics written by Iola Brubeck, who was Dave's wife. Other musicians have changed the genre of the song entirely. Jamaican saxophonist Val Bennett recorded a roots reggae version in 1968. He retitled his version "The Russians Are Coming." In 2011, the Sachal Studios Orchestra from Pakistan released a version that won great acclaim. Dave Brubeck even called this orchestral version "the most interesting" one he had heard. The song has also appeared in movie soundtracks, such as the 1993 film "Manhattan Murder Mystery."

The song also influenced how the Quartet performed live. For fifty years, the group often used "Take Five" to close their concerts. They used a special technique inspired by Haydn's "Farewell Symphony." Each musician would leave the stage one by one after their solo. This continued until only the drummer, Joe Morello, remained on stage. This was done to showcase Morello's mastery of time and rhythm. Beyond music, the song has a lasting social impact. Paul Desmond left the performance royalties for his songs to the American Red Cross. This organization receives payments averaging well over $100,000 every year.

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File:Paul Desmond from Carl Van Vechten collection.png
Paul Desmond from Carl Van Vechten collection.png
File:Dave Brubeck Quartet 1962.jpg
Dave Brubeck Quartet 1962.jpg
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