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Tagalog language

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Tagalog is a major Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines. It serves as the first language for about one quarter of the nation's population. Beyond these native speakers, the majority of the population uses it as a second language. Tagalog is the foundation for Filipino, which is the national language of the Philippines. It also holds official status alongside English.

Map of the Major Languages of the Philippines
Map of the Major Languages of the Philippines

As a Central Philippine language, Tagalog belongs to the vast Austronesian language family. This means it shares distant connections with languages like Hawaiian, Māori, and Malay. It also shares closer ties with other Philippine languages. These include the Bikol, Bisaya, Ilocano, Kapampangan, and Pangasinan languages. One way Tagalog stands apart is through its treatment of the Proto-Philippine schwa vowel. In many Bikol and Visayan languages, this specific sound merged with other vowels. In Tagalog, the sound merged with a different vowel, creating unique word structures.

Baybayin alpha
Baybayin alpha

The history of Tagalog involves ancient writing and early printed books. The name Tagalog may come from "taga-ilog," meaning "river dweller." This name combines "tagá-" (native of) and "ilog" (river). Some scholars suggest the Tagalog people originated in Northeastern Mindanao or the Eastern Visayas. The Laguna Copperplate Inscription from the tenth century contains possible words of Old Tagalog origin. In 1593, the first complete book in Tagalog, the Doctrina Christiana, was printed. It featured two transcriptions: one in the ancient Baybayin script and one in a Spanish-style Latin orthography.

Baybayin sample 02
Baybayin sample 02

During the 333 years of Spanish rule, many religious leaders documented the language. In 1610, Francisco Blancas de San José published a grammar titled Arte y reglas de la lengua tagala. In 1613, Pedro de San Buenaventura published the first Tagalog dictionary. Later, the Czech Jesuit Pablo Clain prepared a substantial dictionary in the early 18th century. This work was passed to others and eventually led to the Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, published in 1754. This dictionary was reedited many times, with the most recent edition appearing in 2013.

Vocabulario de la lengua tagala 1794
Vocabulario de la lengua tagala 1794

The journey to becoming a national language involved many political steps. Tagalog was declared official by the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato in 1897. In 1935, the Philippine constitution required the development of a common national language. A seven-member National Language Institute chose Tagalog as the basis for this language. On December 30, 1937, President Manuel L. Quezon proclaimed this selection. In 1939, the language was renamed Wikang Pambansâ. By 1959, it was renamed Pilipino to provide a more national identity.

Diariong Tagalog
Diariong Tagalog

There has been debate regarding the use of Tagalog as the national standard. Some groups, such as the Cebuanos, did not initially accept the selection. To address this, a "universalist" approach was created during the 1971 Constitutional Convention. This led to the name Filipino, which was officially adopted in the 1987 constitution. Filipino and Tagalog are varieties of the same language. They share most lexical items and have very similar grammatical structures. This allows the language to evolve by incorporating other Philippine languages.

Katagalugan dialects
Katagalugan dialects

Today, the language is spread across many regions of the Philippines. The Tagalog homeland, or Katagalugan, includes provinces like Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, and Laguna. It is also spoken in Metro Manila, Quezon, and parts of the Bicol Region. In the 2000 census, about 96% of school-attending households could speak Filipino. While it is a minority in places like Mindanao, it is the main language in Cotabato City. It also serves as the lingua franca in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.

Education plays a key role in how the language is used and learned. In 1940, an executive order ordered the teaching of the national language in all schools. Currently, the Philippines uses a system called mother-tongue based multilingual education (MLE). This system conducts instruction in a student's first language until at least grade three. Students then introduce Filipino and English as separate subjects. In secondary school, Filipino and English become the primary languages of instruction. This system helps students transition from their local dialects to the national language.

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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
WIKITONGUES- Josh speaking Tagalog.webm
File:Baybayin alpha.jpg
Baybayin alpha.jpg
File:Vocabulario de la lengua tagala 1794.jpg
Vocabulario de la lengua tagala 1794.jpg
File:Diariong Tagalog.jpg
Diariong Tagalog.jpg
File:Map of the Major Languages of the Philippines.png
Map of the Major Languages of the Philippines.png
File:Brgy. Santo Angel No Dumping Sign.jpg
Brgy. Santo Angel No Dumping Sign.jpg
File:2019-07-08 Tagalog landslide and rockslide-prone sign Limbon Indang Cavite 0671.jpg
2019-07-08 Tagalog landslide and...
File:CityofPalayanjf8211 03.JPG
CityofPalayanjf8211 03.JPG
File:Tagalosphere.png
Tagalosphere.png
File:Tagalog Information About Venom.jpg
Tagalog Information About Venom.jpg
File:Katagalugan_dialects.png
Katagalugan_dialects.png
File:Baybayin sample 02.jpg
Baybayin sample 02.jpg

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