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Tabby cat

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

A tabby is not a specific breed of cat. Instead, it is a description of a coat pattern.

Cat November 2010-1a
Cat November 2010-1a

This pattern is very common in non-pedigree cats found all over the world. It is also connected to the coats of a cat's wild ancestors. These relatives include the African wildcat, the European wildcat, and the Asiatic wildcat. All of these species share similar patterns and colors. Because these patterns occur naturally, they are considered a wild type of coat.

There are four main types of tabby patterns recognized by science. The mackerel tabby is the most common version. It features thin, vertical stripes that curve along the cat's sides. These stripes are sometimes called "fishbone" patterns. The classic tabby, or blotched tabby, has thick, curving bands that swirl in whorls. These markings often look like a bullseye on each side of the body.

Katzepasstauf (2009 photo; cropped 2022) (cropped)
Katzepasstauf (2009 photo; cropped 2022) (cropped)

The spotted tabby pattern is different because it uses dots instead of lines. Scientists believe a modifier gene breaks up the mackerel stripes to create these spots. Finally, the ticked tabby has a very different appearance. Instead of stripes or spots, it has a salt-and-pepper look caused by individual hairs with distinct color bands.

These patterns are controlled by specific genetic instructions called alleles. The agouti gene locus is the first major factor. It has two alleles: the dominant A and the recessive a. The dominant A allele allows the tabby pattern to show. If a cat has the recessive aa combination, it will have a solid color. However, you might still see "ghost striping" in bright light. The tabby gene locus contains three more alleles that determine the specific pattern. The mackerel pattern is dominant over the classic pattern. If a cat has one of each, it will show the mackerel pattern.

Genetic interactions can also create more complex looks. The spotted gene is a separate locus that can break lines into spots. A spotted cat must have at least one mackerel allele and one spotted allele. Another interesting variation involves the orange color gene, known as the O allele. This gene is sex-linked, meaning it is passed down through X chromosomes. Because of this, about 75% of ginger tabby cats are male. Female cats can also carry both orange and black genes. This results in a fifth pattern called a torbie, which features random patches of both colors.

Felis silvestris silvestris Luc Viatour
Felis silvestris silvestris Luc Viatour

The history of the word "tabby" is as colorful as the cats themselves. The term originally described a type of striped silk cloth called "tabis" in French. This word came from the Arabic term "attābiyya." This was the name of the Attabiya district in Baghdad, which was famous for its striped silk. This cloth became popular in the Muslim world and eventually reached England. In the 1690s, people began using the term "tabby cat" for cats with striped coats. By 1774, the term was simply shortened to "tabby." Some believe the name "Tabby" for female cats comes from the nickname for Tabitha.

Some people wonder if a cat's color affects its personality. A 2015 study from the University of California, Davis investigated this question. Researchers analyzed 1,274 online surveys from cat owners. They asked owners to rank how aggressive their cats were during human or veterinary interactions. The study found that coat color had only a minor link to behavior. Most significant differences in aggression were actually linked to the cat's sex. The researchers suggested that humans might just perceive colors differently. For example, people often believe orange cats are friendlier than other cats.

Understanding tabby patterns helps scientists learn about genetics and evolution. By studying how these genes interact, researchers can see how traits are passed through generations. The way the spotted gene modifies the mackerel pattern is a great example of genetic complexity. These patterns also show the deep connection between domestic pets and their wild ancestors. Even though we see them in our homes, the tabby pattern is a beautiful link to the history of the natural world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Cat November 2010-1a.jpg
Cat November 2010-1a.jpg
File:Felis silvestris silvestris Luc Viatour.jpg
Felis silvestris silvestris Luc Viatour.jpg
File:Katzepasstauf (2009 photo; cropped 2022) (cropped).jpg
Katzepasstauf (2009 photo; cropped 2022)...
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