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Sunthorn Phu

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Sunthorn Phu was a legendary Thai poet of the Rattanakosin era. He is frequently called the "Shakespeare of Thailand" due to his immense literary influence.

Bkkanusunthornphu0506
Bkkanusunthornphu0506

His poetry remains a vital part of Thai culture today. He was born on June 26, 1786, during the reign of King Rama I. This was only four years after the founding of the Rattanakosin Kingdom. His family lived near the present-day Bangkok Noi railway station. His father likely came from Rayong province, though some historians believe he had Brahmin lineage from Phetchaburi.

Bkkanusunthornphu0506
Bkkanusunthornphu0506

Phu's career involved many different roles within the royal court. He served as a court scribe, which is a professional writer for royalty. During the reign of King Rama II, he was appointed as a court poet. The King was so impressed by his skill that he awarded Phu the title of "Khun." Later, under King Mongkut, he reached a high official rank. He became the Phra Sunthorn Vohara, or Chief of the Department of Royal Scribes of the Front Palace. This was his final official position before his death in 1855.

Bkkanusunthornphu0506
Bkkanusunthornphu0506

His literary output included several distinct types of verse and epic stories. He was a master of Nirat, which are poems describing a traveler's journey. For example, Nirat Phukhao Thong recounts a trip to a Golden Mountain. Nirat Suphan describes a journey to the Suphan Buri province. His most significant work is the Phra Aphai Mani saga. This is an epic poem about the adventures of Prince Aphai Mani. The story features a hero who navigates a fantastical world of diverse people.

Bkkanusunthornphu0506
Bkkanusunthornphu0506

Phu's life was marked by significant personal and professional challenges. He experienced several failed marriages and struggled with alcoholism. Around 1821, he was jailed following a physical fight. Interestingly, he began writing the Phra Aphai Mani saga while in prison. He published the epic in installments over the next twenty years. He also faced a major professional setback during the reign of King Rama III. After he publicly corrected a poem written by the King, he was stripped of his title.

Bkkanusunthornphu0506
Bkkanusunthornphu0506

Following his loss of status, Phu entered the Buddhist priesthood for nearly twenty years. This period of ordination occurred after the death of King Rama II. He eventually returned to government service during the reign of King Rama III. He worked as a scribe for Prince Chuthamani, also known as Krom Khun Isaret Rangsan. He later served the viceroy, or vice-king, Pinklao. These various stages of his life, from monk to merchant to royal scribe, shaped his unique perspective.

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Bkkanusunthornphu0506

His legacy is recognized both in Thailand and globally. In 1986, UNESCO honored him as a great world poet for his 200th birth anniversary. His writing is praised for describing a world where different races and religions live in harmony. His characters have moved into modern media as well. The 1979 film "The Adventure of Sudsakorn" was a cel-animated cartoon based on his work. A live-action film called "Legend of Sudsakorn" was also released in 2006.

Bkkanusunthornphu0506
Bkkanusunthornphu0506

Today, Thailand celebrates Sunthorn Phu Day every June 26. A large memorial exists in the Klaeng district of Rayong province. The Sunthorn Phu Memorial Park covers 33.15 acres of land. The park features several important sculptures. There is a statue of Phu himself, created by Sukij Laidej. Other sculptures include Prince Aphai Mani by Gaisorn Srisuwan, a mermaid by Saroj Jaruc, and an ocean butterfly by Thana Laohathaikul. These monuments ensure his stories remain a central part of the landscape.

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