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Steam (service)

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Steam is a massive digital distribution service and storefront for video games.

Steam 2016 logo black
Steam 2016 logo black

Developed by the Valve Corporation, it acts as a central hub for buying and playing software. It allows users to build a virtual library of digital titles. Once a game is purchased, a software license is permanently attached to the user's account. This allows the user to download and install the software on any compatible device. Steam is currently the largest digital platform for PC games in the world.

The service works through a complex system of servers and software tools.

Celeste Steam page top
Celeste Steam page top

To prevent unauthorized copying, Valve uses digital rights management, or DRM. In 2009, Valve added Custom Executable Generation, known as CEG, to its Steamworks toolkit. CEG creates a unique, encrypted copy of a game's files for every specific user. To play, the user must authenticate through the Steam client to de-encrypt these files. This process usually requires an internet connection to validate user credentials. However, users can also use an offline mode once they have logged in once.

Steam provides many different tools to improve the gaming experience. One major feature is Steam Cloud, which stores saved game files on Valve's servers. This allows players to access their progress from any computer using the Steam client. In 2022, Valve added Dynamic Cloud Sync to this system. This feature allows games to save progress while they are still running. This was specifically designed to help users of the Steam Deck handheld device.

Steam Deck (front)
Steam Deck (front)

The platform also includes social features like direct messaging and discussion forums. It even features a virtual marketplace for collecting digital items.

Developers use a specific set of tools called Steamworks to build their games.

Steam Big Picture preview
Steam Big Picture preview

Released in 2008, this application programming interface, or API, helps developers integrate Steam's features directly into their products. This includes things like matchmaking for game servers and Valve Anti-Cheat, or VAC. VAC is a system used to detect and block players who cheat in multiplayer games. Steamworks also makes it easier for developers to manage downloadable content, often called DLC. By using these tools, developers can connect more easily with the massive Steam user base.

The history of Steam began with a need for better software updates. In the early 2000s, Valve found that updating multiplayer games was very difficult. Players often had to disconnect from games for several days to install manual patches. Valve wanted a way to automate these updates and strengthen anti-piracy measures. They originally approached companies like Microsoft and Yahoo! for help, but were rejected. Valve began developing their own platform in 2002 under the names "Grid" and "Gazelle." Steam was released out of its beta testing phase on September 12, 2003.

Steam has seen incredible growth in its user base and market reach.

Garrys-Mod-sales-graph
Garrys-Mod-sales-graph

In 2013, IHS Screen Digest estimated that Steam held 75% of the PC game market share. By 2017, game purchases through the platform totaled approximately 4.3 billion. This accounted for at least 18% of all global PC game sales. The scale of the service is massive, with over 34,000 games available by 2021. During that same year, the service reached over 132 million monthly active users. The network's data usage has also climbed, delivering 15 billion gigabytes in 2018.

Valve has expanded the Steam brand into various types of hardware. In 2015, they developed the Steam Machine gaming PCs and the Steam Controller. They also released Steam Link devices for local game streaming. The most recent major addition was the Steam Deck in 2022. The Steam Deck is a handheld computer specifically tailored to run Steam games. The service is also available on many different operating systems. It was originally for Windows, but was ported to macOS and Linux in 2010 and 2013. Mobile versions also exist for iOS and Android devices.

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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Steam 2016 logo black.svg
Steam 2016 logo black.svg
File:Celeste Steam page top.png
Celeste Steam page top.png
File:Steam Big Picture preview.png
Steam Big Picture preview.png
File:Steam Deck (front).png
Steam Deck (front).png
File:Garrys-Mod-sales-graph.png
Garrys-Mod-sales-graph.png
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