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Stand-up comedy

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Stand-up comedy is a unique form of live performance. A comedian stands on a stage to deliver humorous or satirical monologues.

Bill-Bailey in 2007
Bill-Bailey in 2007

These performances often use rehearsed scripts. However, they frequently include crowdwork, which is live interaction with the audience. Comedians use various tools to entertain. These include one-liners, stories, and observations. They may also use props, music, impressions, or even magic tricks. This art form is special because it relies on a direct connection between the performer and the crowd.

Comedians build their shows through specific structures. They develop routines made of interconnected sections called bits.

BridgetChristieHoxtonHallColinHuttonedit
BridgetChristieHoxtonHallColinHuttonedit

Most jokes follow a pattern involving a premise, a set-up, and a punchline. Sometimes, they add a twist or a tagline to increase the laughter. Some use a paraprosdokian, which is a surprising punchline that changes the meaning of the setup. A routine usually ends with a closer. This is a final joke that ties the themes of the show together for a satisfying conclusion. The performer uses timing, intonation, and inflection to deliver these moments effectively.

There are many different genres within stand-up comedy. Anecdotal comedy uses storytelling and exaggeration to create humor. Character comedy involves the performer adopting a fictional persona. Some use deadpan delivery, also known as dry humor, to stay emotionally neutral.

2007 Damon Wayans
2007 Damon Wayans

Impressionists imitate notable figures to get laughs. Observational comedy focuses on the absurdities of everyday life. Satire uses ridicule to critique people or institutions. Self-deprecating comedy is when a comedian makes jokes about their own flaws. This can make the performer seem more relatable to the audience.

Stand-up comedy emerged from various popular entertainment traditions in the late 19th century. These included vaudeville, variety shows, and English music halls. Circus clown antics and medicine shows also played a role. In 1866, Mark Twain delivered humorist monologues during his touring show. Charles Farrar Browne, known as Artemus Ward, is considered America's first stand-up comedian. The specific term "stand-up comedian" appeared in print in the early 20th century. In 1911, it described Nellie Perrier performing comedy songs. By 1917, the term was used to describe the career of Finlay Dunn.

A typical professional comedy show follows a set order. First, a host, compere, or emcee performs to warm up the audience.

Next, the opener performs, followed by the feature act. The final and main performer is called the headliner.

Tiffany Haddish at Incirlik (cropped)
Tiffany Haddish at Incirlik (cropped)

Comedians can work in many venues. These include comedy clubs, bars, colleges, and large theaters. Some performers use open mic nights to practice new material. Others participate in comedy festivals to find new talent or agents. Experienced comics may even produce television specials or comedy albums.

The audience is an essential part of the performance. An unspoken contract exists between the comic and the crowd. This allows for the discussion of controversial or unexpected subjects. The audience's reaction determines the success of the jokes. If the crowd laughs, the comedian is said to be "killing," "crushing," or "destroying."

2007 Damon Wayans
2007 Damon Wayans

If the jokes fail, the comedian is "bombing" or "dying." Because many people find public speaking more intense than the fear of dying, the audience appreciates the performer's skill. The audience acts as a co-constructor of the entire situation.

Stand-up comedy has produced many remarkable records and feats. Phyllis Diller holds the Guinness World Record for most laughs per minute, with 12. Taylor Goodwin holds the record for most jokes told in one hour, with 550. In 2015, Jessica Delfino set a record for the most sets performed in one night by a female comedian. On the business side, Ricky Gervais set a record for the highest gross from a single performance. His "Armageddon" tour at the Hollywood Bowl in 2023 earned over $1.7 million. These numbers show the massive scale and impact of the profession.

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File:Bill-Bailey in 2007.jpg
Bill-Bailey in 2007.jpg
File:Joan Rivers at Udderbelly 09 (cropped).jpg
Joan Rivers at Udderbelly 09 (cropped).jpg
File:Tiffany Haddish at Incirlik (cropped).jpg
Tiffany Haddish at Incirlik (cropped).jpg
File:2007 Damon Wayans.jpg
2007 Damon Wayans.jpg
File:BridgetChristieHoxtonHallColinHuttonedit.jpg
BridgetChristieHoxtonHallColinHuttonedit.jpg
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