Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🗺️

Soweto

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Soweto is a massive township located in Gauteng, South Africa.

Soweto Housing, Johannesburg
Soweto Housing, Johannesburg

It sits within the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. The area borders the city's mining belt to the south. The name Soweto is an English syllabic abbreviation. It stands for the South Western Townships. This name was officially adopted in 1963.

Soweto-003
Soweto-003

The history of the region began with the discovery of gold. In February 1886, George Harrison and George Walker found gold. They found an outcrop of the Main Reef on Langlaagte farm. This discovery caused a massive rush of people. Within ten years, 100,000 people arrived in the area. They came from many different races and nationalities. They were searching for riches in the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek.

Soweto township
Soweto township

Early settlements grew around local resources like clay. In 1887, the government bought part of Braamfontein farm. This land had large quantities of clay near a stream. People used this clay for brickmaking. They settled there to work and build shacks. This area was known as Brickfields or Veldschoendorp. In 1904, a bubonic plague scare hit Brickfields. The council burned the area to stop the disease.

Government policies later changed how people lived in the area. The Urban Areas Act of 1923 was a major law. It allowed the government to separate Black and White residents. They created townships for Black people. These areas were often separated by a cordon sanitaire. This is a protective corridor like a river or highway.

Soweto Highway-001
Soweto Highway-001

In 1949, William Carr held a competition for a name. Many people suggested names like KwaMpanza. The council chose the acronym Soweto instead.

Housing shortages led to the growth of many different neighborhoods. In the 1930s, the municipality built Orlando Location. They built 10,311 houses and 4,045 temporary shelters there. A man named James Mpanza lived in Orlando.

JM-House-2
JM-House-2

He formed the Sofasonke Party to help his community. In 1944, he led a march to start a squatters' camp. Other areas like Moroka and Jabavu also grew quickly. These areas were often very crowded and lacked many services. By 1955, Moroka and Jabavu housed 89,000 people.

Life in Soweto was defined by the system of apartheid. Apartheid is an Afrikaans word meaning separateness. The National Party used this policy to keep racial groups apart. This caused much civil unrest in the township. In 1976, a massive student uprising occurred. Students protested a rule about using Afrikaans in schools. The protests were violently suppressed by authorities. This event made Soweto famous all over the world.

Soweto1p
Soweto1p

Other riots happened in 1985 before the 1994 elections.

Soweto is home to many important institutions today. The Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital is a major facility. It was originally built as a military hospital in 1941.

Soweto Cooling Towers
Soweto Cooling Towers

The hospital was renamed in 1997 for Chris Hani. The township also holds significant historical sites. You can visit the Nelson Mandela National Museum.

Mandela museum soweto
Mandela museum soweto

You can also see Mandela's former home in Orlando.

Mandela House, Soweto
Mandela House, Soweto

In 2010, Soweto hosted the FIFA World Cup Final. More than a billion people watched this event on television. This moment showed the world the importance of Soweto.

516 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (15)
File:Johannesburg dagsoom (copy).jpg
Johannesburg dagsoom (copy).jpg
File:JM-House-2.jpg
JM-House-2.jpg
File:Soweto Housing, Johannesburg.jpg
Soweto Housing, Johannesburg.jpg
File:Soweto1p.jpg
Soweto1p.jpg
File:Diepmeadow Council, 1982.jpg
Diepmeadow Council, 1982.jpg
File:SowetoNewRevolution.png
SowetoNewRevolution.png
File:Soweto Cooling Towers.JPG
Soweto Cooling Towers.JPG
File:Soweto-003.jpg
Soweto-003.jpg
File:Soweto Highway-001.jpg
Soweto Highway-001.jpg
File:Mandela museum soweto.jpg
Mandela museum soweto.jpg
File:Soweto Marimba Youth League-001.jpg
Soweto Marimba Youth League-001.jpg
File:SowetoWineFestival.JPG
SowetoWineFestival.JPG

+ 3 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.