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Slow loris

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Slow lorises are a group of nocturnal primates belonging to the genus Nycticebus. These small mammals are strepsirrhines, a group of primates that includes lemurs. They live in the forests of Southeast Asia and surrounding regions. Their range extends from Bangladesh and Northeast India in the west to the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines in the east. They also live from Yunnan province in China in the north to the island of Java in the south.

Slow Loris
Slow Loris

Physically, slow lorises are built for life in the trees. They possess round heads and narrow snouts that do not taper as much as lemur faces. Their large eyes feature a reflective layer called a tapetum lucidum, which helps them see in the dark.

Nycticebus pygmaeus 003
Nycticebus pygmaeus 003

Their arms and legs are nearly equal in length. A long, flexible torso allows them to twist and reach for nearby branches. Their hands and feet have special adaptations for a pincer-like grip. This allows them to grasp branches for very long periods of time.

Nycticebus coucang 003
Nycticebus coucang 003

A unique biological feature of the slow loris is its toxic bite. This trait is very rare among mammals and is unique among primates. To create this toxin, the loris licks a specialized sweat gland on its arm. The secretion from the gland is then activated by mixing it with saliva.

Sunda Slow Loris (Nycticebus coucang) skull
Sunda Slow Loris (Nycticebus coucang) skull

While scientists once thought this was mainly to stop predators, it is primarily used during disputes within the species. The secretion contains a chemical related to cat allergens, though diet may add other toxins.

Taxonomy, or the way scientists classify living things, has changed for the slow loris. For a long time, many researchers thought there was only one single species. However, there are now at least eight valid species within the genus Nycticebus. These include the Sunda, Bengal, Javan, Philippine, Bangka, Bornean, Kayan River, and Sumatran slow lorises.

Smit.Faces of Lorises
Smit.Faces of Lorises

A ninth species, the pygmy slow loris, was recently moved to a new genus called Xanthonycticebus. Scientists use DNA analysis and physical traits like fur color and facial markings to tell them apart.

The history of studying slow lorises goes back many centuries. The first scientific mention was in 1770 by the Dutchman Arnout Vosmaer. In 1812, Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire named the genus Nycticebus. This name comes from Greek words meaning "night monkey." Earlier, the word "loris" was used by the French naturalist Buffon. He linked it to a Dutch word, "loeris," which means "clown."

Slow Loris
Slow Loris

Evolutionary studies show that slow lorises are closely related to the pygmy slow loris. Their next closest relatives are the slender lorises of South Asia. They are also related to African lorisids, such as pottos and angwantibos. The fossil record for these animals is patchy, making their exact history difficult to trace. Some fossils suggest lorises were in Thailand around 18 million years ago. They may have reached various islands when low sea levels created land bridges.

Today, slow lorises face significant survival challenges. Most species are listed as "Vulnerable" or "Endangered" on the IUCN Red List. Their habitats are disappearing and becoming fragmented. This fragmentation makes it difficult for them to move between forest areas. They are also threatened by the exotic pet trade and traditional medicine.

Slow Loris Female
Slow Loris Female

In some cases, humans remove the animals' teeth to make them safer as pets. This makes it much harder for them to live naturally in the wild.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Slow Loris.jpg
Slow Loris.jpg
File:Sunda Slow Loris (Nycticebus coucang) skull.jpg
Sunda Slow Loris (Nycticebus coucang) skull.jpg
File:Smit.Faces of Lorises.jpg
Smit.Faces of Lorises.jpg
File:Nycticebus pygmaeus 003.jpg
Nycticebus pygmaeus 003.jpg
File:Captive N. bengalensis from Laos with 6-week baby.JPG
Captive N. bengalensis from Laos with...
File:Slow loris.jpg
Slow loris.jpg
File:Nycticebus coucang 003.jpg
Nycticebus coucang 003.jpg
File:Slow Loris Female.jpg
Slow Loris Female.jpg
File:Nycticebus tooth removal 01.jpg
Nycticebus tooth removal 01.jpg
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