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SkyTrain (Vancouver)

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SkyTrain is a medium-capacity rapid transit system serving the Metro Vancouver region in British Columbia, Canada.

Vancouver SkyTrain track diagram v3
Vancouver SkyTrain track diagram v3

It is a highly efficient way to move large numbers of people across a metropolitan area. The system uses fully automated, driverless trains that run on grade-separated tracks. These tracks are either underground or elevated on guideways, meaning they are physically separated from car traffic and pedestrians. This separation is why SkyTrain maintains consistently high on-time reliability. The name "SkyTrain" was coined during Expo 86 because the first line, the Expo Line, runs primarily on elevated guideways. This design offers passengers panoramic views of the metropolitan area as they travel.

Expo Line pano 1
Expo Line pano 1

The system operates through a complex network of tracks and specialized technology. The Expo and Millennium Lines utilize linear induction motor technology to move their trains. In contrast, the Canada Line uses a different approach with conventional electric motors.

Canada Line Hyundai Rotem EMU (101-201) entering Capstan Station, Vancouver SkyTrain 20250927
Canada Line Hyundai Rotem EMU (101-201) entering Capstan Station, Vancouver SkyTrain 20250927

The Canada Line's trains were built by Hyundai Rotem and feature a different design than the Bombardier-built fleet used on other lines. Because of these different technologies, the Canada Line tracks do not interconnect with the rest of the SkyTrain network. To cross the Fraser River, the system utilizes the SkyBridge. This is the world's third-longest cable-supported transit-only bridge.

Vancouver SkyTrain track diagram v3
Vancouver SkyTrain track diagram v3

The SkyTrain network is divided into three distinct lines: the Expo Line, the Millennium Line, and the Canada Line. The Expo Line is the oldest, having been built in 1985 for Expo 86. It currently serves 24 stations, connecting Waterfront station in Vancouver to King George station in Surrey. The Millennium Line opened in 2002 and consists of 17 stations. It connects VCC–Clark station in Vancouver to Lafarge Lake–Douglas station in Coquitlam. The Canada Line opened on August 17, 2009, and adds 15 stations to the network. It begins at Waterfront station and travels south through Vancouver to Richmond and Sea Island. This line includes a branch that reaches the YVR–Airport station at Vancouver International Airport.

Vancouver SkyTrain track diagram v3
Vancouver SkyTrain track diagram v3

History shows how the system has expanded significantly over several decades. The Expo Line originally only ran as far as New Westminster station. It was extended to Columbia station in 1989 and across the Fraser River to Scott Road in 1990. By 1994, the line reached its current terminus at King George station. The Millennium Line saw major growth with the Evergreen Extension. This extension, which opened on December 2, 2016, added six new stations. This specific opening was a major milestone for the system.

Lincoln Station Exterior
Lincoln Station Exterior

SkyTrain's growth has made it a leader in automated transit. With the opening of the Evergreen Extension in 2016, SkyTrain became the longest rapid transit system in Canada. At that time, it was also the longest fully automated driverless system in the world. While the total lengths of the Shanghai Metro, Singapore MRT, Kuala Lumpur Rapid KL, Dubai Metro, and Riyadh Metro have since surpassed it, SkyTrain remains a massive operation. As of 2015, the system had an annual ridership of 230 million people. This averages to about 700,000 riders per weekday. This high volume makes it the 7th busiest metro system in North America.

SkyTrain Mk3 440
SkyTrain Mk3 440

Managing such a large system requires organized fare collection and safety measures. Passengers pay fares using a system divided into three zones. Fares vary based on how many zone boundaries a rider crosses. Customers can purchase tickets at self-serve machines using cash, debit, or credit cards.

Skytrain ticket machine
Skytrain ticket machine

For many years, the system used a "proof-of-payment" method without fare gates. This meant riders were checked by random inspections by police or SkyTrain attendants. However, to reduce fare evasion, which was estimated at $4 million annually in 2005, the system transitioned to a gated-ticket system. Construction on these fare gates was completed in 2014, and they became fully operational by April 2016.

New Westminter fare gates
New Westminter fare gates

SkyTrain is an integrated part of the broader regional transportation system managed by TransLink. While the Expo and Millennium Lines are operated by the British Columbia Rapid Transit Company, the Canada Line is operated by a private concessionaire called ProTrans BC. Even with different operators, they share a fare system with other local transit services. SkyTrain attendants, or STAs, provide essential support by offering directions, first aid, and emergency response. They also monitor for train faults and can operate trains manually if necessary. This interconnectedness allows commuters to move seamlessly between different lines and modes of transport throughout the Metro Vancouver region.

Gvta-police-ad cropped
Gvta-police-ad cropped
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🖼️ Images & Media (24)
File:Vancouver Skytrain and Seabus Map.svg
Vancouver Skytrain and Seabus Map.svg
File:TransLink-FareMap-20091108.svg
TransLink-FareMap-20091108.svg
File:Skytrain ticket machine.jpg
Skytrain ticket machine.jpg
File:New Westminter fare gates.jpg
New Westminter fare gates.jpg
File:Expo Line pano 1.jpg
Expo Line pano 1.jpg
File:BC Rapid Transit Co Ltd depot 2025.jpg
BC Rapid Transit Co Ltd depot 2025.jpg
File:Gvta-police-ad cropped.jpg
Gvta-police-ad cropped.jpg
File:Canada Line 002.jpg
Canada Line 002.jpg
File:Bennett commemoration.jpg
Bennett commemoration.jpg
File:Vancouver Skytrain Rupert station train.jpg
Vancouver Skytrain Rupert station train.jpg
File:Skytrain-below.jpg
Skytrain-below.jpg
File:Lincoln Station Exterior.jpg
Lincoln Station Exterior.jpg

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