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Single (music)

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In the world of music, a single is a specific type of release. It contains fewer song recordings than a full album, which is often called an LP. Typically, a single features only one or two tracks. These tracks can be standalone songs or part of a larger collection. Often, an artist will release a "lead single" to build interest before an album arrives. This strategy helps musicians create a foundation for their work.

Gold record for Put a Little Love in Your Heart
Gold record for Put a Little Love in Your Heart

The history of the single began in the late 19th century. Early music was distributed on Edison cylinders.

Storyville Symposium at Little Gem Saloon - Edison cylinder phonograph
Storyville Symposium at Little Gem Saloon - Edison cylinder phonograph

These cylinders held about two to four minutes of audio. Later, flat disc phonograph records replaced the cylinders. By 1910, the 78 rpm shellac disc became the most common format. These discs had technical limitations due to crude cutting techniques. The thick needles used on record players meant fewer grooves could fit on the surface. A high rotation speed was required to maintain acceptable sound quality.

A major shift occurred in the mid-20th century with the 45 rpm single. This format is a 7-inch vinyl record named after its speed of 45 revolutions per minute. RCA Victor released the first regular production 45 rpm record, "PeeWee the Piccolo," on December 7, 1948.

140405 Wega-Dual-300-01
140405 Wega-Dual-300-01

The 45 was a more durable and higher-fidelity replacement for shellac discs. Most 45s feature an A-side and a B-side. This means there is one song on each side of the disc. In the United States, these records had large center holes to fit the RCA hub. In the UK and Australia, they used a small 0.25-inch hole. Listeners in those regions could use a plastic puck to play large-hole records.

Single-Puck 1
Single-Puck 1

As music evolved, the length of songs on singles began to change. For a long time, the three-minute single was the standard. This changed in the 1960s due to improved mastering techniques. In 1964, The Animals released "The House of the Rising Sun," which was 4 minutes and 29 seconds long. In 1965, Bob Dylan's "Like a Rolling Stone" challenged radio standards. Although Columbia Records tried to split the six-minute song between two sides, fans demanded the full version on one side. A major milestone arrived in August 1968 when The Beatles released "Hey Jude." This song lasted over seven minutes and pushed the limits of the 45 rpm format.

Different physical formats have served different musical needs over time. While the 7-inch vinyl is most common, other versions exist. There are 10-inch and 12-inch discs, as well as cassette singles and CD singles. In the 1970s, DJs introduced the 12-inch single for disco music.

12 Inch Single BBQ Band
12 Inch Single BBQ Band

The larger surface area allows for wider grooves and better separation. This results in less "cross-talk" and makes the record less likely to suffer from scratches. 10-inch vinyl singles are now often used as limited edition collector's items.

The digital era has changed how we define and buy singles. In the early 2000s, digital downloading and streaming became very popular. Apple's iTunes Store launched in January 2001 and changed the industry. In 1997, Capitol Records sold the first digital single from a major artist, "Electric Barbarella" by Duran Duran. By 2004, the RIAA introduced digital single certification. Gwen Stefani's "Hollaback Girl" became the first platinum digital single. In the UK, the Official Singles Chart began including downloads in 2005. Gnarls Barkley was the first act to reach number one via downloads alone with "Crazy."

Today, the distinction between a single and an album can be blurry. The iTunes Store defines a single as a release with three tracks or fewer. Each track must also be less than ten minutes long. If a release is longer, it is classified as an EP or an album. However, platforms like Spotify and Bandcamp allow artists to promote longer releases as singles. Modern artists often release many singles to build a foundation before an album. This trend helps sustain their careers in a fast-moving digital market.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Storyville Symposium at Little Gem Saloon - Edison cylinder phonograph.jpg
Storyville Symposium at Little Gem Saloon...
File:140405 Wega-Dual-300-01.jpg
140405 Wega-Dual-300-01.jpg
File:45-knock-out.png
45-knock-out.png
File:Single-Puck 1.jpg
Single-Puck 1.jpg
File:12 Inch Single BBQ Band.jpg
12 Inch Single BBQ Band.jpg
File:Gold record for Put a Little Love in Your Heart.JPG
Gold record for Put a Little Love in Your...
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