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Sheikhupura

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Sheikhupura is a major industrial center and satellite town in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It serves as the administrative headquarters for the Sheikhupura District. The city is located approximately 38 km northwest of Lahore. It sits near several other important districts, including Sialkot, Gujranwala, Nankana Sahib, and Kasur. Within the larger region, it holds significant status as the 10th-largest city in Punjab. Nationally, it is ranked as the 15th-largest city in Pakistan by population.

Qila sheikhupura01
Qila sheikhupura01

The history of the city is deeply connected to the Mughal Empire. In 1607, the Mughal emperor Jahangir founded the city as a citadel. He established the Sheikhupura Fort in the center of the city.

Qila sheikhupura01
Qila sheikhupura01

Jahangir built this foundation near the older town of Jandiala Sher Khan. This area was an important provincial town during the early and middle Mughal eras. At that time, the region also functioned as a royal hunting ground for the emperor. Between 1607 and 1620, Jahangir constructed the Hiran Minar. This famous monument was built to honor his beloved pet deer, Mansiraj.

The name of the city has evolved through different eras of rule. Before the Mughal period, the area was known as Virkgarh. This name came from the Virk Jats, who were the primary rural tribe in the region. During the period of Sikh rule, the city was briefly called Singhpuria. The current name, Sheikhupura, is derived from a nickname. Jahangir's mother, who was the wife of Akbar the Great, called him "Shekhu." The emperor's own autobiography, the Tuzk-e-Jahangiri, originally recorded the town as Jehangir pura.

During the era of British colonial rule, the region underwent several administrative changes. The area was once under the rule of Raja Dhayan Singh. Initially, the large territory located between the Chenab and Ravi rivers was managed as a single district. Sheikhupura served as the headquarters for this consolidated district until 1851. Later, the area surrounding the city officially attained district status in 1919. M.M.L. Karry served as the first administrator for the district during this time.

The Partition of British India in 1947 brought significant hardship to the region. Before the partition, Sikhs made up 19% of the district's population. Because of its proximity to Nankana Sahib, a holy site for Sikhism, many Sikhs hoped the area would be awarded to India. The city experienced intense communal rioting between Sikhs and Muslims from August 16 to August 31, 1947. During this period, an estimated 10,000 people were killed. The Sacha Sauda refugee camp in the city hosted more than 100,000 Sikh refugees fleeing from areas like Gujranwala.

Today, Sheikhupura is a rapidly growing urban center. The population has seen a massive increase over recent decades. In the 1998 census, the city population was 280,263. By the 2017 census, the population had risen to 473,129. This represents a growth of 68.82% over just 19 years. Projections from the World Population Review suggest the population will exceed 602,000 by 2026. This figure includes the city and its surrounding suburban areas.

The city is also a hub for language, education, and industry. Most residents, about 88.96%, speak Punjabi. Other spoken languages include Urdu, Pashto, and others like Sindhi or Saraiki. Education is a key part of the city, with a literacy rate of 43.6%. Notable institutions include the Government Graduate College and Hajvery University. The economy is supported by industrial development. Two major areas are the Rachna Industrial Park and the Quaid-e-Azam Business Park. The latter has been declared a special economic zone by the government of Pakistan.

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File:Qila sheikhupura01.jpg
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