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Seine

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The Seine is a major river located in northern France.

2007 Paris Seine
2007 Paris Seine

It flows through the Paris Basin, which is a large geological lowland. The river rises at a location called Source-Seine, northwest of the city of Dijon. From this starting point, the water flows through Paris and eventually reaches the English Channel at Le Havre.

Seine by Eiffel
Seine by Eiffel

The river is a vital part of the region's geography and economy. It serves as a major route for both transport and recreation.

Engineers have divided the Seine into five distinct sections to describe its course. The Petite Seine, or "Small Seine," runs from the source to Montereau-Fault-Yonne. Next is the Haute Seine, known as the "Upper Seine," which flows from Montereau-Fault-Yonne to Paris. The middle section is called the Traversée de Paris, or the "Paris waterway." Below the capital, the Basse Seine, or "Lower Seine," flows from Paris to Rouen. Finally, the Seine maritime runs from Rouen to the English Channel.

Source Seine
Source Seine

Navigation on the Seine is made possible by several technical features. The river is only above sea level from its mouth, which makes it slow-flowing. This slow movement makes it easier for ships to navigate. Ocean-going vessels can dock at Rouen, but they cannot go further upstream. To help boats move through different elevations, many locks have been installed. The Basse Seine section uses four large multiple locks. In the Haute Seine, there are eight locks to manage the water levels. Smaller locks at Bougival and Suresnes lift vessels to the level of the river in Paris.

Paris expo 1937 Seine
Paris expo 1937 Seine

The history of the Seine is deeply connected to the people of France. The river's name likely comes from the Gaullish word for a Celtic goddess named Sequana. Archaeologists found statues of this goddess at the river's source. In the 1800s, the river's appearance changed significantly due to human engineering. Before locks were installed, the river was much shallower within Paris. It consisted of a small channel of flowing water bordered by sandy banks. Today, the depth in Paris is tightly controlled at approximately 9.5 meters.

Chatillon-sur-Seine - Musée du Pays chatillonnais - Cratère de Vix - 012 (cropped)
Chatillon-sur-Seine - Musée du Pays chatillonnais - Cratère de Vix - 012 (cropped)

Managing the river is essential because of the risk of flooding. Since 1950, four large storage reservoirs have been built to help control water levels. These include Lac d’Orient, Lac des Settons, Lake Der-Chantecoq, and Auzon-Temple et Amance. These dams help maintain a constant level, but they cannot stop extreme runoff. Severe flooding has occurred many times, such as in January 1910. During the 2003 flood alert, about 100,000 works of art were moved to keep them safe. A worst-case flood scenario could cost 10 billion euros and disrupt electricity and gas for many people.

The water quality of the Seine has faced many challenges over the last century. Because of industry, farming, and the large population in Paris, the river experiences high human impact. In the past, the river suffered from low oxygen levels and high amounts of bacteria. By 1970, about 60% of urban sewage flowed into the river untreated. This pollution was so bad that the number of fish species dropped to only three. However, new laws and wastewater treatment plants have helped the environment recover.

Paris rives de la Seine 2024
Paris rives de la Seine 2024

Recent efforts have focused on making the Seine safe for people again. A massive 1.4 billion euro cleanup called the "Swimming Plan" began in 2018. This project included building a basin to store rainwater and prevent sewage from overflowing into the river. These efforts have been very successful for wildlife. The number of fish species near Paris has grown from just a few to 32. In July 2025, the Seine finally reopened for public swimming. This ended a ban on swimming that had lasted for almost 100 years.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:2007 Paris Seine.jpg
2007 Paris Seine.jpg
File:Source Seine.jpg
Source Seine.jpg
File:Chatillon-sur-Seine - Musée du Pays chatillonnais - Cratère de Vix - 012 (cropped).jpg
Chatillon-sur-Seine - Musée du Pays...
File:Paris expo 1937 Seine.jpg
Paris expo 1937 Seine.jpg
File:Seine by Eiffel.jpg
Seine by Eiffel.jpg
File:Fulton Plaque.jpg
Fulton Plaque.jpg
File:Paris rives de la Seine 2024.svg
Paris rives de la Seine 2024.svg
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