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Scissors

technology Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Scissors are essential hand-operated cutting tools used to divide various materials.

Standard household scissors
Standard household scissors

They consist of a pair of pivoting blades with sharpened edges. When a user squeezes the handles, also known as the shank, on the opposite side of the pivot, the blades slide firmly against and past each other. This mechanical action uses a combination of cutting and shearing to split the target material. Most people use them for thin materials like paper, cardboard, cloth, or metal foil.

However, the design of the tool must match the specific task to avoid damaging the material or the instrument itself.

Because different materials have different properties, specialized versions of these tools exist. For example, hair-cutting shears feature specific blade angles designed to cut through thick bundles of hair without causing split ends. Kitchen shears are built to handle tougher food items like meat, bone, and tendon.

Kitchen scissors
Kitchen scissors

In medical settings, surgical scissors are used to divide tissues or reshape implants during operations. The tool's design must adapt to various anatomical and procedural needs. For heavier tasks, the industry uses different names. Heavy-duty tools are often called shears, such as pruning shears. Even larger, two-handed implements are known as trimmers, such as hedge trimmers.

Taille haie
Taille haie

The history of these tools spans many centuries and cultures. Some metal shears found in a Roman settlement in Trabzon, Turkey, date back to the 2nd century AD. These early tools featured "Egyptianizing" metal inlays to imitate Egyptian art. In China, the Hangzhou Zhang Xiaoquan Company has been manufacturing scissors since 1663.

汉代剪刀
汉代剪刀

One of the most significant shifts occurred in 1761 in Sheffield, England. Robert Hinchliffe produced the first pair of modern-day scissors made from hardened and polished cast steel. Creating the bows, or finger holes, was a difficult process. Hinchliffe had to drill holes and file away metal so fingers could fit. His success in London helped establish Sheffield as a major manufacturing hub.

Today, global manufacturing is spread across several specialized regions. China is the dominant leader in the industry. In 2019, China was responsible for 64.3% of all worldwide scissors exports. When including exports from Chinese Taipei, that figure rises to 68.3%. The Hangzhou Zhang Xiaoquan Company remains one of the oldest continuous manufacturers. It was nationalized in 1958 and now employs 1,500 people. They mass-produce approximately seven million pairs of inexpensive scissors every year. These retail for an average of US$4 each.

Europe also maintains strong traditions in blade production. Germany is a major player, accounting for just under 7% of global exports in 2019. The city of Solingen has been a center for blade-making since medieval times. In 1995, the city passed the Solingen Ordinance to protect its reputation. This law ensures that "Made in Solingen" stamps only apply to products manufactured almost entirely in that industrial area. In France, towns like Thiers have long histories of blade-making. Thiers is home to the Musée de la Coutellerie, which showcases 800 years of history.

Mayo surgical scissors
Mayo surgical scissors

Italy also contributes to the market, with Premana being a key center for many local companies.

Japan offers a unique perspective on scissor evolution. Scissor-making in Japan grew out of the sword-making traditions that began in the 1400s. In the city of Seki, blacksmiths transitioned from making swords to making scissors and knives after citizens were no longer allowed to carry swords. Some traditional Japanese scissors are believed to be thinner, lighter, and sharper than European versions. One master scissormaker, Yasuhiro Hirakawa, is considered the last traditional scissormaker in Japan. His craftsmanship is highly valued; in 2018, a pair of his bonsai snips retailed for US$35,000.

Finally, the design of scissors must account for the user's handedness. Most tools are designed for right-handed people, but left-handed users require specific variations. There are two main types of left-handed scissors. "Semi" left-handed scissors simply feature reversed finger grips, but the blades still open and close like standard right-handed versions. This can make it difficult for the user to see the cut. "True" left-handed scissors are more advanced. They feature both reversed finger grips and a reversed blade layout.

RH-LH sidebents
RH-LH sidebents

This creates a mirror image of right-handed scissors, allowing for better visibility and control during use.

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🖼️ Images & Media (39)
File:Standard household scissors.jpg
Standard household scissors.jpg
Aerra's Films of the Ordinary IV --...
File:汉代剪刀.jpg
汉代剪刀.jpg
File:Shears MET 29I E08R4.jpg
Shears MET 29I E08R4.jpg
File:Detatchable kitchen.jpg
Detatchable kitchen.jpg
File:RH-LH sidebents.jpg
RH-LH sidebents.jpg
File:Taille haie.jpg
Taille haie.jpg
File:Gardena-Grasschere klassisch.jpg
Gardena-Grasschere klassisch.jpg
File:Averruncator.png
Averruncator.png
File:Secateur ouvert.jpg
Secateur ouvert.jpg
File:Astschere.jpg
Astschere.jpg
File:BladeShears.jpg
BladeShears.jpg

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