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Schönbrunn Zoo

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Schönbrunn Zoo is a massive 17-hectare wildlife park located in Vienna, Austria.

Kaiserpavillon1
Kaiserpavillon1

It is recognized as the oldest zoo in the world that is still in operation. Because it sits within the Schönbrunn Palace gardens, it is also designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The zoo is a major global destination for nature lovers. It generally attracts more than 2 million visitors every single year. As of 2021, the institution housed 707 different species. This included approximately 8,250 individual specimens.

Historisches Bild Zoobesucher
Historisches Bild Zoobesucher

The zoo's history began with the vision of Francis Stephen of Lorraine. He was the husband of Empress Maria Theresa of the Habsburg monarchy. In 1745, he commissioned the architect Jean Nicolas Jadot de Ville-Issey to design a menagerie. A menagerie is a collection of wild animals kept in enclosures. The original design included twelve enclosures with equal-sized structures. It also featured an administration building and a front garden. A pond and two yards were added after the initial construction. The menagerie finally opened to guests in the summer of 1752.

Kaiserpavillon1
Kaiserpavillon1

The Imperial Pavilion serves as the historic center of the zoo. This octagonal building was finished in 1759. It was originally designed as a social room and a place for breakfast. Since 1949, this historic structure has functioned as a restaurant. Over the centuries, the animal collection has grown significantly. An Indian elephant arrived in 1770. Predators like wolves and bears arrived in 1781. By 1800, the zoo added polar bears, big cats, hyenas, and kangaroos. The arrival of a giraffe in 1828 from the Viceroy of Egypt caused a massive cultural sensation in Vienna.

Historisches Bild Elefanten
Historisches Bild Elefanten

During the 20th century, the zoo faced extreme challenges during the World Wars. World War I caused severe supply shortages and hygiene problems. Only 400 animals survived that conflict. During World War II, aerial bombings caused even more destruction. Many enclosures were destroyed or damaged during these attacks. More than 1,000 animals died during this period. Only 300 animals survived the end of the second war. The zoo required significant reconstruction efforts by occupation forces. It was during this era that the term "menagerie" was officially replaced by "zoo" in 1926. This change reflected a new focus on education and conservation.

Erlebniswelten Giraffen
Erlebniswelten Giraffen

Modern management focuses heavily on conservation, which is the protection of species. The zoo is one of only 27 facilities in the world to house giant pandas.

Große Pandas Yang Yang und Fu Long
Große Pandas Yang Yang und Fu Long

They also manage large enclosures for endangered animals. For example, they house Indian rhinos that were gifted from Nepal's former royal family. The zoo's leadership has also prioritized specialized habitats. The Rainforest House was opened in 2002 to celebrate the zoo's 250th anniversary. It simulates a Southeast Asian mountain slope. Inside, the temperature stays above 25 °C with humidity over 80%.

MC Rotfeuerfisch
MC Rotfeuerfisch

The zoo features several specialized facilities to mimic natural environments. Polar Bear World, also called Franz Josef Land, allows visitors to see bears swimming underwater.

Artenschutz Eisbär
Artenschutz Eisbär

The Polarium is a cold-water facility for animals like South American sea lions and penguins. It maintains specific temperatures, such as 8 °C for the water. The ORANG.erie is a revitalized historic Palm House that now houses orangutans.

Zoo z01
Zoo z01

This facility even features art made by a famous orangutan named Nonja. There is also an Insectarium that is currently being remodeled. By 2023, it began a transition to house reptiles rescued from illegal wildlife trade.

MC Rotfeuerfisch
MC Rotfeuerfisch

Looking toward the future, the zoo continues to expand its scientific mission. A new project called the Schönbrunn Conservation Aquarium is planned for the Hietzing site. Construction is scheduled to begin in 2025. This new building is necessary because the current aquarium has reached the end of its service life. The new facility is expected to open in 2028. It will be the largest aquarium in Austria. The goal of this new building is to provide insights into conservation breeding. This helps protect critically endangered species that live outside their natural habitats.

Erlebniswelten Schurli
Erlebniswelten Schurli
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🖼️ Images & Media (14)
File:Kaiserpavillon1.jpg
Kaiserpavillon1.jpg
File:Historisches Bild Zoobesucher.jpg
Historisches Bild Zoobesucher.jpg
File:Historisches Bild Elefanten.jpg
Historisches Bild Elefanten.jpg
File:Historischer Kern Flamingos.jpg
Historischer Kern Flamingos.jpg
File:Erlebniswelten Robbenfuetterung.jpg
Erlebniswelten Robbenfuetterung.jpg
File:Zoo z01.jpg
Zoo z01.jpg
File:Erlebniswelten Schurli.jpg
Erlebniswelten Schurli.jpg
File:MC Rotfeuerfisch.jpg
MC Rotfeuerfisch.jpg
File:Erlebniswelten Tirolerhof.jpg
Erlebniswelten Tirolerhof.jpg
File:Erlebniswelten Giraffen.jpg
Erlebniswelten Giraffen.jpg
File:Große Pandas Yang Yang und Fu Long.jpg
Große Pandas Yang Yang und Fu Long.jpg
File:Artenschutz Waldrapp.jpg
Artenschutz Waldrapp.jpg

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