Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

Sam Houston

society Maturity 11-13 evolution religion death dying war conflict politics Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: evolution, religion, death_dying, war_conflict, politics. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

Sam Houston was a prominent American general and statesman.

Sam Houston Portrait by Wood 1826 Oval
Sam Houston Portrait by Wood 1826 Oval

He is most famous for his leadership during the Texas Revolution. Houston served as the first and third president of the Republic of Texas. He also represented Texas in the United States Senate. Notably, he is the only person elected governor of two different states. He served as the sixth governor of Tennessee and the seventh governor of Texas. His life involved many shifts in identity, politics, and geography.

Houston was born on March 2, 1793, in Rockbridge County, Virginia.

Houstonbirthplacemarker
Houstonbirthplacemarker

His parents, Samuel Sr. and Elizabeth Paxton, were descendants of Scottish and Irish colonists. After his father died in 1806, the family moved to Maryville, Tennessee. Life on the frontier was difficult and often dangerous. As a teenager, Houston showed little interest in formal schooling or farming. At age 16, he ran away to live with the Cherokee people. He lived on Hiwassee Island under the leadership of Chief John Jolly. During this time, he learned the Cherokee language and customs. The tribe gave him the name "Raven."

His military career began during the War of 1812.

Sam Houston 1836
Sam Houston 1836

Houston enlisted at age 20 to fight against Britain and its Native American allies. He served under General Andrew Jackson and rose to the rank of third lieutenant. During the Creek War, Houston was badly wounded at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. Doctors believed he would not survive, but he did. After the war, he worked as a sub-agent for the government. In this role, he helped oversee the removal of the Cherokee from Tennessee to the Arkansas Territory in 1818. This period of his life created a lasting conflict with Secretary of War John C. Calhoun.

Houston eventually transitioned into a successful legal and political career. He studied law and became a district attorney in Nashville, Tennessee. With the support of Andrew Jackson, Houston was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1823. He later became the governor of Tennessee in 1827. As governor, he focused on internal improvements like canals. He also worked to lower land prices for homesteaders. However, a personal scandal involving a divorce led him to resign in 1829. He moved to the Arkansas Territory to rejoin the Cherokee community.

In 1832, Houston settled in Texas, which was then part of Mexico.

Wpdms republic of texas
Wpdms republic of texas

When the Texas Revolution began, Houston was chosen to lead the Texian Army. He led his troops to a decisive victory at the Battle of San Jacinto. This win secured independence for Texas from Mexico. Following the war, Houston was elected the first president of the Republic of Texas in 1836. He served a second term starting in 1841. He played a vital role in the annexation of Texas into the United States in 1845.

Houston's political views often put him at odds with his own party.

United States 1849-1850
United States 1849-1850

He joined the Democratic Party and supported President James K. Polk during the Mexican–American War. However, he was a strong unionist who opposed radical views from both the North and South. He voted for the Compromise of 1850 to settle territorial issues. Later, he voted against the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854. He believed this act would increase tensions over the issue of slavery. Because of this stance, he eventually left the Democratic Party.

In his later years, Houston returned to state politics in Texas. He won the election for governor of Texas in 1859. During the American Civil War era, he strongly opposed secession. He tried to keep Texas from joining the Confederate States of America. Because of his opposition, he was forced out of office in 1861. Houston died on July 26, 1863. His legacy remains visible today through the city of Houston, Texas.

SamHoustonStatueMemorialHermann
SamHoustonStatueMemorialHermann

The city is currently the fourth-most-populous city in the United States.

634 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:Houstonbirthplacemarker.jpg
Houstonbirthplacemarker.jpg
File:Sam Houston Portrait by Wood 1826 Oval.png
Sam Houston Portrait by Wood 1826 Oval.png
File:Sam Houston 1836.jpg
Sam Houston 1836.jpg
File:Wpdms republic of texas.svg
Wpdms republic of texas.svg
File:United States 1849-1850.png
United States 1849-1850.png
File:Sam Houston c1856-59-crop.png
Sam Houston c1856-59-crop.png
File:Sam Houston by Mathew Brady.jpg
Sam Houston by Mathew Brady.jpg
File:Sam Houston Grave.jpg
Sam Houston Grave.jpg
File:Margaret Lea Houston 1839.jpg
Margaret Lea Houston 1839.jpg
File:SamHoustonStatueMemorialHermann.jpg
SamHoustonStatueMemorialHermann.jpg
File:A Tribute to Courage (cropped).jpg
A Tribute to Courage (cropped).jpg
More to explore

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.