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Saint Lucia

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Saint Lucia is a sovereign island nation located in the eastern Caribbean. It is a part of the Windward Islands within the Lesser Antilles chain.

Saint Lucia geography map en
Saint Lucia geography map en

The island sits north and northeast of Saint Vincent. It is also located northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. The nation's capital and largest city is Castries. As of mid-2023, the officially estimated population was over 184,100 people. Most residents live near the coast. The interior is more sparsely populated because of dense forests.

The physical landscape is shaped by volcanic activity. This makes Saint Lucia a very mountainous island. The highest point on the island is Mount Gimie. It reaches an elevation of 949 meters above sea level. Two famous volcanic plugs called the Pitons serve as major landmarks.

Qualibou Caldera tomography
Qualibou Caldera tomography

The island also contains Sulphur Springs. This is known as the world's only drive-in volcano.

USGS Saint Lucia geologic map
USGS Saint Lucia geologic map

Several small islands sit off the coast. The largest of these are the Maria Islands in the southeast.

Human history on the island began with the Arawaks. They are believed to have settled there between 200 and 400 CE. They likely arrived from northern South America. The Arawaks called the island Louanalao, meaning "Island of the Iguanas." Around 800 CE, the Kalinago people arrived. They took control by killing Arawak men and assimilating the women. The Kalinago called the island Hewanorra. This name means "there where iguanas are found."

European contact changed the island's history significantly. While Christopher Columbus may have seen it in 1502, he did not record it. A 1520 Vatican globe shows the island named Sancta Lucia.

At the top of Pigeon Island
At the top of Pigeon Island

This suggests early Spanish explorers may have named it. Later, the French and British fought for control many times. They fought 14 times over the island's valuable geopolitical position. Because it switched hands so often, it was called the "Helen of the West." This name refers to the Greek myth of Helen of Troy. The British finally gained complete control in 1814.

A difficult period of history involved the sugar industry and slavery. Large plantations were developed by the French in the 1760s. The British abolished the slave trade in 1807. They eventually abolished slavery on the island in 1834. Former slaves had to serve a four-year apprenticeship. This required them to work for their former masters for most of the week. Full freedom was finally granted in 1838. By this time, people of African ethnicity were the largest group on the island.

Saint Lucia moved toward modern self-rule in the 20th century. Representative government began in 1924. Universal suffrage, which allows all adults to vote, was established in 1951. The island was a member of the West Indies Federation from 1958 to 1962. Saint Lucia finally became an independent state on February 22, 1979. It remains a member of the Commonwealth. The country is now part of several international groups. These include the United Nations and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM).

The economy of Saint Lucia has shifted over the decades. For a long time, the nation relied on agriculture. Banana exports were once the main source of revenue. However, the economy has moved toward tourism in recent years. Natural beauty and volcanic features attract many visitors. The nation has also faced challenges from natural disasters. Hurricane Allen struck in 1980, and Hurricane Tomas hit in 2010. Despite these events, the country continues to grow and participate in global trade.

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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
National Anthem of Saint Lucia.ogg
United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga
File:Flag of Saint Lucia (1939–1967).svg
Flag of Saint Lucia (1939–1967).svg
File:Saint Lucia geography map en.png
Saint Lucia geography map en.png
File:USGS Saint Lucia geologic map.png
USGS Saint Lucia geologic map.png
File:Qualibou Caldera tomography.png
Qualibou Caldera tomography.png
File:Saint Lucia, administrative divisions - fr - monochrome.svg
Saint Lucia, administrative divisions -...
File:Saint Lucia electricity production.svg
Saint Lucia electricity production.svg
File:At_the_top_of_Pigeon_Island.jpg
At_the_top_of_Pigeon_Island.jpg
File:Beausejour Stadium Cricket St Lucia.jpg
Beausejour Stadium Cricket St Lucia.jpg
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