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Riyadh

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Riyadh is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia.

Riyadh aerial highway
Riyadh aerial highway

It sits on the eastern part of the Najd plateau. The city is located in the center of the Nafud desert. It lies on the eastern bank of Wadi Hanifa. Riyadh is the largest city on the Arabian Peninsula. It is a massive metropolis that serves as the nation's political and economic heart. The city is a major global destination for business and tourism.

KAFD 20230411 114620
KAFD 20230411 114620

The city's physical form has changed through several distinct stages. Originally, the area was a collection of oasis towns. These gardens gave the city its name, as Riyadh means "gardens."

1922 map Riyadh by Philby
1922 map Riyadh by Philby

In 1737, Dahham ibn Dawwas seized control of the area. He built a mudbrick palace and a wall to encircle the towns. This turned the oasis into a single fortress city.

Masmak Fort (12753717253)
Masmak Fort (12753717253)

In the 1950s, the defensive walls were dismantled. This allowed the city to expand outward from its old center. The modern metropolis grew as an offshoot of that original walled town.

Workers breaking old city walls of Riyadh
Workers breaking old city walls of Riyadh

History in the region is marked by the rise and fall of different states. In 1744, an alliance formed between Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Muhammad bin Saud. This led to the First Saudi state, with Diriyah as its capital. This state collapsed in 1818 when Ottoman-backed forces razed Diriyah. Later, Turki ibn Abdullah founded the Second Saudi state. He made Riyadh his capital in 1825.

Murabba Palace
Murabba Palace

The city faced many periods of instability and rivalry between leaders. Finally, Ibn Saud retrieved his ancestral rule in 1902. He consolidated his power by 1926. He officially named the kingdom Saudi Arabia in September 1932.

Masmak Fort (12753717253)
Masmak Fort (12753717253)

Today, Riyadh is the administrative center of the entire kingdom. It houses the King and the Council of Ministers. The Consultative Assembly and the Supreme Judicial Council are also located here. Of the 24 government ministries, 23 have their headquarters in the city. The city also hosts 114 foreign embassies. Most of these are located in the Diplomatic Quarter in the west. This concentration of power makes Riyadh the political core of the nation.

The economy of Riyadh is also very powerful. It is a major manufacturing hub for the country. Almost one-third of all Saudi Arabian factories are located here. They produce chemicals, food, textiles, and machinery. The city is also a massive center for finance. Many major banks, such as Alrajhi Bank, are based here. The King Abdullah Financial District is one of the largest financial districts in the world.

KAFD 20230411 114620
KAFD 20230411 114620

Over 500 foreign companies have moved their regional bases to Riyadh. This includes global names like Google, Amazon, and Samsung.

Population growth has turned Riyadh into a fast-growing urban center. In 2022, the population reached 7.0 million people. This makes it the most populous city in Saudi Arabia. It is also the 38th most populous city in Asia.

Riyadh population pyramid in 2010
Riyadh population pyramid in 2010

The city is home to many expatriates from other nations. To manage this growth, the city is divided into fifteen municipal districts. These are overseen by the Municipality of Riyadh and the Royal Commission for Riyadh City. The city also features large-scale infrastructure like the King Khalid International Airport.

Riyadh connects deeply to the broader history and future of the region. On its outskirts lies Diriyah, the original home of the House of Saud. Diriyah is a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is part of the Vision 2030 projects. The city is also preparing for the future by hosting Expo 2030. This will make it only the second Arab city to host the event. From ancient oasis towns to a high-tech financial hub, Riyadh continues to evolve.

KAFD 20230411 114620
KAFD 20230411 114620
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🖼️ Images & Media (14)
File:1922 map Riyadh by Philby.png
1922 map Riyadh by Philby.png
File:Workers breaking old city walls of Riyadh.jpg
Workers breaking old city walls of Riyadh.jpg
File:Dira Square.JPG
Dira Square.JPG
File:Riyadh population pyramid in 2010.svg
Riyadh population pyramid in 2010.svg
File:Murabba Palace.jpg
Murabba Palace.jpg
File:Masmak Fort (12753717253).jpg
Masmak Fort (12753717253).jpg
File:Pergamon-Museum - Anthropomorphe Stele 2.jpg
Pergamon-Museum - Anthropomorphe Stele 2.jpg
File:استاد الملك فهد الدولي King Fahd International Stadium (66723825).jpeg
استاد الملك فهد الدولي King Fahd...
File:SV ERJ-170 at RUH (3004177752).jpg
SV ERJ-170 at RUH (3004177752).jpg
File:Riyadh aerial highway.jpg
Riyadh aerial highway.jpg
File:KAFD 20230411 114620.jpg
KAFD 20230411 114620.jpg
File:Saudi Arabia - Highway-65.svg
Saudi Arabia - Highway-65.svg

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