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Rhythm and blues

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Rhythm and blues, or R&B, is a powerful type of popular music.

Louis Jordan, New York, N.Y., ca. July 1946 (William P. Gottlieb 04721)
Louis Jordan, New York, N.Y., ca. July 1946 (William P. Gottlieb 04721)

It grew from African American communities during the 1940s. This music uses a heavy and insistent beat to move people. The songs often tell deep stories about life and history. They speak of joy and the search for freedom. They also touch on hard times like racism and struggle. R&B helps people share their triumphs and their many aspirations.

Performing R&B involves many talented musicians playing together.

Fats Domino 1956
Fats Domino 1956

In the 1950s, a typical band used a piano and drums. They also included a bass and one or two guitars. Many groups added saxophones to create a rich sound. Sometimes, background vocalists joined in to help the melody. The musicians practiced until their parts felt effortless and smooth. Even though the singers felt deep emotions, they stayed cool and relaxed. Many bands even wore smart suits or matching uniforms.

This music has a long and changing history.

Big Joe Turner Rock and Roll Revue Apollo Theater 1955
Big Joe Turner Rock and Roll Revue Apollo Theater 1955

Before R&B, record companies used the term "race music." Later, some used the name "sepia series." In 1943, the magazine Billboard began using new terms for popular songs. By 1949, the name "Rhythm and Blues" officially replaced the "Harlem Hit Parade" list. Jerry Wexler is credited with making the term famous in 1948. The music changed as it helped create rock and roll. Many artists, like Louis Jordan, helped build this musical foundation.

Many famous names helped shape the sound of R&B.

Etta James04
Etta James04

Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five were very important in the 1940s. Big Joe Turner was another key figure who blended blues and rock. Other legends include Etta James, Fats Domino, and Little Richard.

Little Richard (1967)
Little Richard (1967)

There were also special groups called "doo wop" groups. These included the Orioles, the Ravens, and the Dominoes. New record labels like Chess and Atlantic helped these artists reach fans. These labels helped spread the music to many different people.

Modern R&B connects to many styles you might know.

Mary J. Blige jul2007
Mary J. Blige jul2007

By the 1970s, the term included soul and funk music. In the late 1980s, a new style called "contemporary R&B" arrived. This newer version mixes R&B with jazz, disco, and electronic sounds. You can also hear rhythms from other places in this music. For example, the Cuban habanera rhythm has influenced these sounds for a long time. This connection shows how different cultures can make music together. R&B continues to evolve and stay important today.

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🖼️ Images & Media (17)
File:Louis Jordan, New York, N.Y., ca. July 1946 (William P. Gottlieb 04721).jpg
Louis Jordan, New York, N.Y., ca. July...
File:Big Joe Turner Rock and Roll Revue Apollo Theater 1955.jpg
Big Joe Turner Rock and Roll Revue Apollo...
File:Habanera cut-time.jpg
Habanera cut-time.jpg
File:Dizzy Gillespie01.JPG
Dizzy Gillespie01.JPG
File:Fats Domino 1956.png
Fats Domino 1956.png
Mardi gras in new orleans.tif
Clave in cut-time.tiff
Tresillo and backbeat.tiff
File:Bo-Diddley.jpg
Bo-Diddley.jpg
File:Little Richard (1967).png
Little Richard (1967).png
File:Etta_James04.JPG
Etta_James04.JPG
File:Della Reese Jubilee Records.jpg
Della Reese Jubilee Records.jpg

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