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Requiem (Mozart)

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The Requiem in D minor, K. 626, is a monumental Requiem Mass composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. A Requiem is a musical service held to honor the dead. Mozart began composing this specific masterpiece in Vienna during late 1791. However, he died on December 5, 1791, leaving the work unfinished.

Mozart drawing Doris Stock 1789
Mozart drawing Doris Stock 1789

Because of his sudden death, the version we recognize today is a collaboration between Mozart's original ideas and the work of other composers. This makes the piece a fascinating subject for music historians and performers alike.

To perform the Requiem, a large and specific group of musicians is required. The orchestra features two bassoons and two basset horns in F. While basset horns are traditional, players sometimes use B♭ or A clarinets instead. The brass section includes two trumpets in D and three trombones, specifically alto, tenor, and bass varieties. The percussion consists of two timpani drums. The string section includes violins, viola, and the basso continuo, which is made of cello, double bass, and organ.

The vocal forces are equally complex, requiring four soloists—soprano, contralto, tenor, and bass—alongside a full SATB mixed choir.

The structure of the music is divided into several distinct sections. In the version completed by Franz Xaver Süssmayr, there are eight main parts. Mozart's own manuscript contains the finished Introitus and drafts for the Kyrie, the Sequence, and the Offertorium. However, the sections from the Sanctus onwards were not present in Mozart's original notes.

Requiem6
Requiem6

The Sequence is particularly large, containing several subdivisions like the Dies irae and the Lacrymosa. This division allows the music to move through different moods, from intense power to quiet prayer.

The history of the Requiem is filled with mystery and intrigue. Count Franz von Walsegg commissioned the work for a service on February 14, 1792. This service commemorated the first anniversary of the death of his wife, Anna. Some believe Walsegg intended to claim the music as his own composition. To finish the work, Joseph Eybler and then Franz Xaver Süssmayr added the missing movements. Süssmayr even produced a clean copy of the score for the Count. He attempted to imitate Mozart's musical handwriting, though he clumsily dated the manuscript "1792."

Constanze Mozart by Hanson 1802
Constanze Mozart by Hanson 1802

There are many specific musical details that define the sound of the Requiem. The Introitus begins with a seven-measure instrumental introduction using imitative counterpoint. The Kyrie is a double fugue, which is a style where voices repeat a theme. In the Dies irae section, the orchestra uses tremolo strings and repeated brass chords to show power.

K626 Requiem Dies Irae
K626 Requiem Dies Irae

The Tuba mirum movement features a solo tenor trombone playing an arpeggio in B major. This is the only moment in the entire work where a solo cadenza, or a solo flourish, occurs. The Recordare is the longest movement, spanning 130 measures in a triple meter.

Modern scholars continue to study how the work could have been completed. Because Mozart left so many fragments, many different versions of the ending exist. There are at least 19 conjectural completions created by various composers and musicologists. Interestingly, eleven of these alternative completions were developed after the year 2005. These efforts show how much people still value Mozart's original intent and musical language.

The Requiem also connects to broader cultural stories and legends. Mozart's widow, Constanze, shared several famous tales about the composition. She claimed a mysterious messenger delivered the commission without revealing his identity. She also suggested that Mozart believed he was writing the music for his own funeral. Whether these stories are true or not, they highlight the deep emotional impact the music has had on people for centuries.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Mozart_drawing_Doris_Stock_1789.jpg
Mozart_drawing_Doris_Stock_1789.jpg
File:K626 Requiem Dies Irae.jpg
K626 Requiem Dies Irae.jpg
File:Constanze Mozart by Hanson 1802.jpg
Constanze Mozart by Hanson 1802.jpg
File:Requiem6.png
Requiem6.png
File:Michaelhaydn1.jpg
Michaelhaydn1.jpg
File:Amen fugue fragment from Mozart's Requiem (text as path).svg
Amen fugue fragment from Mozart's Requiem...
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