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Registan

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The Registan is a historic public square located in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

Registan square Samarkand
Registan square Samarkand

It is most famous for its ensemble of three madrasas. A madrasa is an Arabic term for an Islamic school. This square served as a vital center for the Timurid Renaissance. It was a place where people gathered for many different reasons. Citizens came to hear royal proclamations delivered to the crowds. These announcements were heralded by loud blasts from enormous copper pipes called dzharchis. The square was also a site for public executions. Today, the Registan is a symbol of the rich history of Central Asia.

The three madrasas show the distinctive Islamic style of the region. They often feature muqarnas, which are decorative architectural elements. The first major building is the Ulugh Beg Madrasa, constructed between 1417 and 1420. This school was built during the Timurid Empire era of Timur. It was considered one of the best clergy universities in the Muslim Orient during the 15th century. The building features an imposing iwan, which is a large hall or space. This iwan has a lancet-arch pishtaq, or a monumental portal, facing the square. High minarets stand at the corners of the structure.

Registan maquette
Registan maquette

The Ulugh Beg Madrasa was a major center of learning. The ruler Ulugh Beg himself gave lectures at the school. Even the great Persian scholar and poet Jami studied there. The building originally had two stories. It included four domed darskhonas, which are lecture rooms, at the corners. The courtyard contains a mosque and several lecture rooms. Students lived in dormitory cells that fringe the edges of the square. Deep galleries run along the axes of the building. The entrance arch is decorated with beautiful mosaic panels of geometric ornaments.

The second building is the Sherdar Madrasa, built between 1619 and 1636. The Uzbek ruler of Samarkand, Yalangtoš Bakhodir, ordered its construction. The name of the building comes from its unique decorations. In the local language, "Sher" means tiger. The portal features tiger mosaics with a rising sun on their backs. These designs use Turko-Persian motifs to depict living beings.

This makes the Sherdar Madrasa a very distinctive part of the square.

The third building is the Tilakari Madrasa, which was built from 1646 to 1660. This structure served two different roles. It was a residential college for students and also a grand masjid, or mosque. The building has a two-storied main facade. A vast courtyard is lined with dormitory cells for the students. There are four galleries located along the axes of the courtyard. The mosque building sits in the western section of this courtyard. The main hall of the mosque is abundantly gilded with gold.

Other historical structures sit near the Registan. To the east of the Tilakari Madrasa is the Mausoleum of Shaybanids. This tomb dates back to the 16th century. It is linked to Muhammad Shaybani, the founder of Shaybanid power. He was a leader of nomadic Uzbek tribes who conquered Samarkand and Bukhara. Nearby, you can find the Chorsu trading dome. This building was constructed in 1785 during the reign of Amir Shahmurad. The name Chorsu is of Persian origin and means "crossing roads."

Registan maquette
Registan maquette

The Chorsu dome sits at a famous intersection. This crossroads connects Samarkand to Tashkent, Bukhara, and Shahrisabz. Originally, Chorsu was a bazaar built in the 15th century. It was later rebuilt in the 18th century and became a market for hats. In 2005, ownership of the building moved to the Academy of Arts of Uzbekistan. During renovations, workers removed three meters of dirt to find the original base. Now, Chorsu serves as an art gallery. It displays the diverse culture and history of the Uzbek people. The entire historical part of Samarkand is included on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

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🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Registan square Samarkand.jpg
Registan square Samarkand.jpg
File:Registan maquette.jpg
Registan maquette.jpg
File:Медресе Шер-Дор и Медресе Улугбека лево (Sher-Dor Madrasa and Ulugh Beg Madrasa, left side), Samarkand.jpg
Медресе Шер-Дор и Медресе Улугбека лево...
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