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Quokka

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

The quokka (Setonix brachyurus) is a small marsupial belonging to the macropod family. This family includes well-known animals like kangaroos and wallabies. A quokka is roughly the size of a domestic cat. It has a stocky build with well-developed hind legs for movement. Its fur is a grizzled brown color that fades to a buff color underneath. Unlike many other macropods, the quokka has a relatively short tail. Interestingly, this small animal can climb small trees and shrubs up to one meter high.

Quokka family
Quokka family

Quokkas follow a specific biological cycle to raise their young. They use a promiscuous mating system, meaning many individuals mate with many others. After a gestation period of about one month, a female gives birth to a single baby called a joey. Females can give birth twice every year. Over an entire lifespan, a female produces an average of 17 joeys. The joey stays inside the mother's pouch for six months. After leaving the pouch, the joey still relies on its mother's milk for two more months. By eight months after birth, the joey is fully weaned.

Survival for a quokka involves clever use of its environment. They are nocturnal animals, which means they are active at night and sleep during the day. To stay safe from predators while sleeping, they hide in prickly Acanthocarpus preissii plants. The sharp spikes of these plants act as a natural shield. On the mainland, quokkas seek out dense vegetation for cover. This helps them hide from predators like dingoes, red foxes, and feral cats. When a mother is pursued by a predator, she may perform a surprising survival tactic. She might drop her joey onto the ground. The joey then makes noises to attract the predator's attention, allowing the mother to escape.

Humans have encountered the quokka for centuries, though they did not always identify it correctly. The name "quokka" likely comes from a Noongar word. The Noongar people also use names like "ban-gup" or "bungeup" for them. In 1658, a Dutch mariner named Samuel Volckertszoon saw what he thought was a wild cat. In 1696, the explorer Willem de Vlamingh saw them and thought they were giant rats. He described them as rats as large as a common cat. Because of this, he renamed Wadjemup island to mean "the rat nest island" in Dutch.

RottnestQuokka
RottnestQuokka

Today, the quokka is classified as a vulnerable species. Their population varies greatly depending on where they live. On Rottnest Island, there are between 8,000 and 12,000 quokkas. Bald Island holds a smaller population of 600 to 1,000 animals. On the Australian mainland, the situation is much more difficult. There are an estimated 4,000 quokkas remaining on the mainland. Most mainland groups are very small, often containing fewer than 50 individuals. In 2015, a massive bushfire near Northcliffe devastated a local population. It is estimated that 90% of those 500 quokkas died in the fire.

Environmental changes pose a serious threat to the continued survival of the species. Climate change is altering the Australian landscape and making it harder for quokkas to find food and water. They prefer areas with annual rainfall between 700 mm and 1000 mm. As the region becomes more arid, these optimal living conditions disappear. Increasing temperatures since the 1970s also impact their distribution. Furthermore, invasive species like red foxes and feral cats hunt them on the mainland. Habitat loss from logging, housing, and agriculture also reduces the space they have to live.

Quokka family
Quokka family

Quokkas have become famous globally due to their unique facial structure. Their faces happen to look like they are smiling, which led to the "quokka selfie" internet trend. Celebrities like Chris Hemsworth and Margot Robbie have shared photos with them. However, this popularity brings risks. It is illegal to handle quokkas or feed them human food. Eating items like chips can cause dehydration and malnourishment. Scientists have also found that quokkas can carry salmonella, which can be harmful to humans. Visitors are encouraged to enjoy these animals from a respectful distance.

Quokka Selfie
Quokka Selfie
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File:Quokka family.jpg
Quokka family.jpg
Quokka I gnangarra 100121.webm
File:Quokka Selfie.jpg
Quokka Selfie.jpg
File:RottnestQuokka.jpg
RottnestQuokka.jpg
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