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Proboscis

life science Maturity 9-11 Next article →

A proboscis is a long part on the head of an animal.

Asian Elephant, Royal Chitwan National Park
Asian Elephant, Royal Chitwan National Park

This part can look very different depending on the creature. For small invertebrates, it is often a tube used for sucking food. In larger vertebrates, a proboscis is a long nose or snout.

Eristalinus October 2007-6
Eristalinus October 2007-6

These tools help animals find food or sense the world around them. It is a special part of an animal's body that makes life easier.

Many insects use a tube to drink liquids. Butterflies and moths have a part called a haustellum.

Silver-spotted Skipper Unfurling Its Proboscic
Silver-spotted Skipper Unfurling Its Proboscic

This part is made of two tubes held together by hooks. When the insect rests, the tubes stay coiled tightly against the head. To eat, the insect unfurls the tubes to reach into a flower.

Convolvulus hawk-moth (Agrius convolvuli) 2
Convolvulus hawk-moth (Agrius convolvuli) 2

Suction happens when a sac in the head expands and contracts.

Some animals use their proboscis to stay attached to others. Acanthocephala are worms known as thorny-headed worms. They have an eversible proboscis, which means it can be turned inside out. This part is covered in sharp spines. The worms use these spines to pierce and hold onto the gut wall of a host.

Parasite140083-fig5 Figs 31-36 Cathayacanthus spinitruncatus
Parasite140083-fig5 Figs 31-36 Cathayacanthus spinitruncatus

This helps the worm stay in place while it feeds.

Different animals have different ways of using these parts. Mosquitoes have a sharp proboscis to suck up blood. Only the female mosquitoes take blood meals, but both males and females eat nectar.

Convolvulus hawk-moth (Agrius convolvuli) 2
Convolvulus hawk-moth (Agrius convolvuli) 2

In gastropods, like certain snails, the proboscis is a snout that can pull back inside the body. Some use hydraulic pressure to push it out. This pressure comes from the muscles in their head-foot area.

We can see many famous examples of this in nature. The elephant uses its trunk as a proboscis. The proboscis monkey is named for its very large nose.

Asian Elephant, Royal Chitwan National Park
Asian Elephant, Royal Chitwan National Park

Other animals like the tapir and the elephant seal also have them. Even some fish, such as the swordfish and the marlin, have a proboscis. It is a tool found in many different parts of the animal kingdom.

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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Eristalinus October 2007-6.jpg
Eristalinus October 2007-6.jpg
Parasite140083-fig5 Figs 31-36...
File:Convolvulus hawk-moth (Agrius convolvuli) 2.jpg
Convolvulus hawk-moth (Agrius convolvuli) 2.jpg
File:Silver-spotted Skipper Unfurling Its Proboscic.jpg
Silver-spotted Skipper Unfurling Its Proboscic.jpg
File:Asian Elephant, Royal Chitwan National Park.jpg
Asian Elephant, Royal Chitwan National Park.jpg
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