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Plate (dishware)

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A plate is a broad, mostly flat vessel used to serve or eat food. While they are primarily functional tools for dining, plates also serve ceremonial or decorative purposes. They are a fundamental part of tableware, which includes all the objects used to set a table. Most plates are circular, but they can be made in any shape and from almost any water-resistant material.

Plate arches
Plate arches

Because they are used so widely, plates are found in almost every culture across the world.

To understand how a plate works, one must look at its specific anatomy. The well is the central bottom area where food is placed. Surrounding the well is the lip, which is the flattish, raised outer part. The lip often has a slight upward slope or stays parallel to the base. The rim is the very outer edge of the plate, and it is often decorated with gilding, or thin layers of gold. Finally, the base is the underside of the vessel.

Foliated dish with underglaze blue design of melons, bamboo and grapes, Jingdezhen ware, Yuan, 1271-1368, Shanghai Museum
Foliated dish with underglaze blue design of melons, bamboo and grapes, Jingdezhen ware, Yuan, 1271-1368, Shanghai Museum

The design of these parts varies by tradition; for example, European metalwork influenced the wide, raised lips seen in Western ceramics, while Chinese ceramic plates often feature narrow lips or edges that simply curve upward.

Plates are categorized by their specific size and the type of food they hold. A full dinner plate is the primary vessel for an individual's meal. Smaller versions include the dessert plate, used for sweets, or the fish plate. There are also side plates, such as the bread and butter plate, which can be round or crescent-shaped to fit snugly next to a full plate. For beverages, a tea saucer is a small plate with a central indentation to hold a cup.

Plate arches
Plate arches

Even larger vessels exist, such as platters for serving multiple people or the charger. A charger is the largest and most expensive plate in a set, often measuring at least 30 cm in diameter. Historically, chargers were used as a base for other tableware, though modern etiquette sometimes allows them to be used for the main course.

Materials used for plates have changed throughout human history. In many cultures, plates made of wood, pottery, or metal have existed since antiquity. In Cameroon, some cultures use leaf plates made from banana or pandan leaves. In East Asian cultures, parts of the bamboo plant, such as leaves or shoot skin, are used.

L'assiette en feuille - 2
L'assiette en feuille - 2

Ceramic materials like porcelain, bone china, earthenware, and stoneware are very common today. While porcelain and bone china were once luxury items for the wealthy, they are now affordable for most people. In the developing world, durable metal plates remain common. Modern technology also introduced disposable plates made of plastic or paper pulp in 1904, as well as materials like melamine resin.

As human society changed, so did the scale of dining. As food availability increased, the size of plates grew as well. It is estimated that the diameter of a typical dinner plate has increased by 65% since the year 1000 AD. The history of the plate also saw shifts in fashion. After the fall of the Roman Empire, regular plates disappeared in Europe for a time. During this period, people used trenchers, which were flat plates made of wood or even bread. Regular ceramic plates returned to popularity at the French court under Francis I around 1536.

Beyond eating, plates have become significant objects of art and collection. Decorative plates are made for display rather than for food. Commemorative plates feature designs that reflect specific themes or events.

Spode plate of St Leger winner Athens Wood
Spode plate of St Leger winner Athens Wood

In the 19th century, a nobleman named Patrick Palmer-Thomas popularized the hobby of collecting "souvenir" plates. These often featured blue and white transfer designs of picturesque locations. The tradition of limited-edition collecting began in 1895 with a Danish company called Bing & Grøndahl. This led to the creation of popular seasonal items, such as Christmas plates produced by Royal Copenhagen and Rosenthal starting in 1910.

Plates connect the practical needs of nutrition with the complex worlds of art, chemistry, and global trade. The development of porcelain, for instance, was so significant that it heavily influenced fine pottery in the Islamic world and Europe. Even the shapes of plates reflect cultural aesthetics, from the common round shape to square plates used in Asian sushi traditions. Some modern designs even use a "squircle" shape, which holds more food than a round plate while taking up the same amount of cupboard space.

Through these various forms, the plate remains a central part of human social and cultural life.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Botanical plate with spray of fruiting Indian Bean Tree MET DP-1687-038 (cropped).jpg
Botanical plate with spray of fruiting...
File:Foliated dish with underglaze blue design of melons, bamboo and grapes, Jingdezhen ware, Yuan, 1271-1368, Shanghai Museum.jpg
Foliated dish with underglaze blue design...
File:Plate of Constance of Austria.jpg
Plate of Constance of Austria.jpg
File:L'assiette en feuille - 2.jpg
L'assiette en feuille - 2.jpg
File:Plate arches.jpg
Plate arches.jpg
File:Spode plate of St Leger winner Athens Wood.jpg
Spode plate of St Leger winner Athens Wood.jpg
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