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Pipe (fluid conveyance)

technology Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A pipe is a hollow cylinder used to move things that flow. These flowing things are called fluids. Fluids can be liquids like water or gases like air.

Encanamento
Encanamento

Some pipes even move powders or small solids. Pipes are very useful for building things, too. A hollow pipe is much stiffer than a solid piece of the same weight. This makes them great for making handrails or support structures.

Paris - Palais du Louvre - PA00085992 - 1090
Paris - Palais du Louvre - PA00085992 - 1090

There are many ways to make a metal pipe. One way is called centrifugal casting. This uses hot, melted metal to form the shape. Another way is making seamless pipe. This is made by pulling a solid piece over a rod. This process is called rotary piercing.

Limescale-in-pipe
Limescale-in-pipe

Because there is no welding, these pipes are very strong. Other pipes are made by welding. This means rolling a metal plate and joining the edges with heat. This can be done with an electric current. The heat creates pools of molten metal that bind the pieces together.

People have used pipes for a very long time. The first known use was in Ancient Egypt. The Pyramid of Sahure had a temple with copper pipes for drainage.

Paris - Palais du Louvre - PA00085992 - 1090
Paris - Palais du Louvre - PA00085992 - 1090

Later, in 1817, Henry Osborne made a way to make iron musket barrels. Around 1820, he began making iron gas tubes. These were sold to a man named Samuel Clegg. In the 1800s, steel pipes were first made by using rivets. Later, people used H-shaped bars to clamp them. By the 1930s, most people switched to welding.

Many different materials can be used for pipes. Metal pipes are often made of steel or iron. Copper is very popular for water in homes.

Kupferfittings 4062
Kupferfittings 4062

Plastic is also common because it is light and does not rust. Plastic pipes include types like PVC and polyethylene. In the past, people used wood or lead. We do not use lead for drinking water today. This is because lead is toxic to humans.

Fairmount Water Works water mains
Fairmount Water Works water mains

Some large pipes are made of concrete or ceramic.

Understanding pipes helps us see how the world works. You might see pipes under the street in a city.

Encanamento
Encanamento

You might see them in a kitchen or a bathroom. They connect to other parts using fittings like elbows or tees. These parts help the pipe turn corners or split. Even the name "plumbing" comes from the Latin word for lead, which is called plumbum. Whether they carry water or gas, pipes are a vital part of our daily lives.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Paris - Palais du Louvre - PA00085992 - 1090.jpg
Paris - Palais du Louvre - PA00085992 - 1090.jpg
File:Encanamento.JPG
Encanamento.JPG
File:Fairmount Water Works water mains.jpg
Fairmount Water Works water mains.jpg
File:Electrofusion Welding of HDPE Pipe.jpg
Electrofusion Welding of HDPE Pipe.jpg
File:Kupferfittings 4062.jpg
Kupferfittings 4062.jpg
File:Limescale-in-pipe.jpg
Limescale-in-pipe.jpg
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