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Pico Island

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

{

"text": "Pico Island is a major volcanic island in the Azores.

IlhadoPico2022OSM
IlhadoPico2022OSM

It belongs to the Central Group of the Portuguese archipelago.

IlhadoPico2022OSM
IlhadoPico2022OSM

The island is located 7 km east of Faial.

IlhadoPico2022OSM
IlhadoPico2022OSM

It sits 17.5 km south of São Jorge.

IlhadoPico2022OSM
IlhadoPico2022OSM

Pico is the second largest island in the Azores.

IlhadoPico2022OSM
IlhadoPico2022OSM

It measures 46.3 km in length.

IlhadoPico2022OSM
IlhadoPico2022OSM

It is also about 16 km wide at its widest point.

IlhadoPico2022OSM
IlhadoPico2022OSM

The island features a 151.8 km coastline.

Ilhéus do Pico, ilha do Faial ao fundo, Açores
Ilhéus do Pico, ilha do Faial ao fundo, Açores

This coast has many inlets and coves.

Ilhéus do Pico, ilha do Faial ao fundo, Açores
Ilhéus do Pico, ilha do Faial ao fundo, Açores

\n\nThe island's geology is defined by intense volcanic activity.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

Geologically, Pico is the most recently formed island in the Azores.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

It is approximately 300,000 years old.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

The landscape is shaped by three distinct geomorphological units.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

First is the Topo Volcano in the south.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

This is an ancient shield volcano.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

Erosion and landslides have changed its shape over time.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

Second is the Achada Plateau.

Hike up Mountain Pico (Portugal's highest peak), Pico Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected) 5 julesvernex2
Hike up Mountain Pico (Portugal's highest peak), Pico Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected) 5 julesvernex2

This is an axial zone with spatter and lava cones.

Hike up Mountain Pico (Portugal's highest peak), Pico Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected) 5 julesvernex2
Hike up Mountain Pico (Portugal's highest peak), Pico Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected) 5 julesvernex2

It contains a mountainous ridge filled with lake-filled craters.

Hike up Mountain Pico (Portugal's highest peak), Pico Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected) 5 julesvernex2
Hike up Mountain Pico (Portugal's highest peak), Pico Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected) 5 julesvernex2

Third is the Pico Volcano in the west.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

This is a central stratovolcano.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

It was created by Hawaiian and Strombolian eruptions.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

Its summit reaches 2,351 meters.

Hike up Mountain Pico (Portugal's highest peak), Pico Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected) 5 julesvernex2
Hike up Mountain Pico (Portugal's highest peak), Pico Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected) 5 julesvernex2

\n\nVolcanic processes continue to influence the island today.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

The most recent major eruptions occurred in 1718 and 1720.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

These events created three volcanic cinder cones known as Mistérios.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

These include Santa Luzia, São João, and Silveira.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

A small submarine eruption occurred near the northwest coast in 1963.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

Even now, irregular gas emissions occur at the summit.

Hike up Mountain Pico (Portugal's highest peak), Pico Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected) 5 julesvernex2
Hike up Mountain Pico (Portugal's highest peak), Pico Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected) 5 julesvernex2

These emissions come from cracks in the Piqueninho area.

Hike up Mountain Pico (Portugal's highest peak), Pico Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected) 5 julesvernex2
Hike up Mountain Pico (Portugal's highest peak), Pico Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected) 5 julesvernex2

Other de-gasification areas exist near Lagoa do Capitão.

Lagoa do Capitão com montanha do pico
Lagoa do Capitão com montanha do pico

Such activity shows the island is still geologically active.

A Mounatin rises (38089613382)
A Mounatin rises (38089613382)

\n\nHistory shows that Pico was a late addition to the settled Azores.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

The exact date of its discovery is unknown.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

A 1375 Catalan Atlas depicts the island as \"li colunbj.\"

IlhadoPico2022OSM
IlhadoPico2022OSM

Settlement only began in the 1480s.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

Initially, Pico was controlled by the island of Faial.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

In 1481, D. Beatriz gave the island to D. Álvaro d'Ornelas.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

He was a captain tasked with populating the land.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

He failed to attract enough settlers.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

Consequently, Jós d'Hutra became the new captain in 1482.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

\n\nThe population of Pico grew through different social groups.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

Early settlers were mostly Portuguese but had diverse origins.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

Some came from Madeira or Terceira.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

The community included nobles, clergy, and merchants.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

Franciscans were notable religious figures on the island.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

From the early 16th century, some Jews arrived.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

African indentured slaves also worked in farming and domestic roles.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

By 1587, the population was less than 3,000 people.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

By 1695, this number rose to 9,000.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

By the mid-18th century, it exceeded 19,000.

Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal

\n\nEconomic life on Pico was shaped by its unique environment.

Pico Island Vineyard 5
Pico Island Vineyard 5

The island is often called \"Ilha Preta,\" or

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Moinho de vento tradicional da ilha do Pico, Açores.JPG
Moinho de vento tradicional da ilha do...
File:Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara, São Roque, ilha do Pico, Açores, Portugal.JPG
Igreja e Convento de São Pedro de...
File:Pico Island - Russell & Purrington - A Whaling Voyage 'Round the World, 1848 - Museu dos Baleeiros.JPG
Pico Island - Russell & Purrington - A...
File:A Mounatin rises (38089613382).jpg
A Mounatin rises (38089613382).jpg
File:Hike up Mountain Pico (Portugal's highest peak), Pico Island, Azores, Portugal (PPL1-Corrected) 5 julesvernex2.jpg
Hike up Mountain Pico (Portugal's highest...
File:Ilhéus do Pico, ilha do Faial ao fundo, Açores.jpg
Ilhéus do Pico, ilha do Faial ao fundo, Açores.jpg
File:IlhadoPico2022OSM.png
IlhadoPico2022OSM.png
File:Pittosporum undulatum (trebol-a).jpg
Pittosporum undulatum (trebol-a).jpg
File:Lagoa do Capitão com montanha do pico.jpg
Lagoa do Capitão com montanha do pico.jpg
File:PIC LAJ 20090122 SaoRoque monumentWhalers.JPG
PIC LAJ 20090122 SaoRoque monumentWhalers.JPG
File:Pico Island Vineyard 5.jpg
Pico Island Vineyard 5.jpg
File:Jose Vieira Alvernaz.jpg
Jose Vieira Alvernaz.jpg
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