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Peyo

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Pierre Culliford was a highly influential Belgian comics writer and artist. He is best known by his pseudonym, Peyo. This professional name originated from an English cousin who mispronounced his nickname, Pierrot. Peyo's work helped shape the world of Franco-Belgian comics. His characters became global icons of popular culture. He was born in 1928 in Schaerbeek, Belgium. He studied at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels.

Peyo's career involved many different types of storytelling and business management. He began his professional journey at the Compagnie Belge d'Actualités (CBA). This was a small animation studio in Belgium. After World War II, he drew comic strips for daily newspapers like Le Soir. He created Poussy, a gag-a-day comic about a cat, between 1949 and 1952. He also developed the character Johan. Later, he introduced the character Peewit to the magazine Spirou. These characters eventually formed the series Johan and Peewit.

The series Johan and Peewit features a specific setting and cast. The stories take place in the Middle Ages in Europe. Johan is a brave young page serving a king. He rides a trusty horse to defend the weak. His companion is Peewit, a small and boastful dwarf. Peewit often cheats or brags, but he is a faithful friend. Peewit travels on a goat named Biquette. The duo is driven by a sense of duty to their king.

Peyo's most significant creation was the Smurfs. The first Smurf appeared on October 23, 1958. They debuted in the Johan and Peewit story titled "The Magic Flute." The Smurfs became so popular that they moved into their own series in 1959. To manage this growth, Peyo founded a professional studio in the early 1960s. He acted as a supervisor for the studio's many artists. Notable collaborators included artists such as Gos, Walthéry, and Derib.

As his fame grew, Peyo transitioned from an artist to a businessman. He oversaw the production of many different series. These included Steven Strong, also known as Benoît Brisefer, and Jacky and Célestin. His daughter, Véronique, managed the merchandising for the Smurfs. This started in 1959 with PVC figurines. In the 1970s, the Smurfs saw a boom in toys and gadgets. This success was boosted by the music of Pierre Kartner. In 1981, Hanna-Barbera produced an American animated series. Peyo served as the story supervisor for this production.

Later in his life, Peyo faced several professional and personal challenges. In the 1980s, he dealt with recurrent health problems. He also had a disagreement with Hanna-Barbera. This happened after they included the Smurfs in "Cartoon All Stars to the Rescue" without his permission. Following a split with his publisher, Dupuis, he founded Cartoon Creation in 1989. This was his own publishing house. However, the company closed in 1991 due to management problems. He eventually joined the publisher Le Lombard in 1992.

Peyo's legacy continues through his family and his widespread cultural impact. He died of a heart attack on December 24, 1992, at age 64. His children, Thierry and Véronique, continue to promote his work under the Peyo brand. His studio still exists and produces new stories regularly. In 2008, Belgium issued a 5 euro commemorative coin to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Smurfs. He also won the Youth Prize at the 1984 Angoulême International Comics Festival. Even modern films reference him, such as the 2011 movie where he is a researcher of Smurf myths.

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