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Peace River

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The Peace River is a major waterway in Canada.

Gathering fuel for the steamship Grenfell on the Peace River
Gathering fuel for the steamship Grenfell on the Peace River

It starts in the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia. The river flows northeast through northern Alberta. It eventually joins the Athabasca River. This meeting happens in the Peace-Athabasca Delta. This junction creates the Slave River. The Slave River is a tributary of the Mackenzie River. The Finlay River is the main headwater of the Peace River. Because of this, the Finlay is the ultimate source of the Mackenzie River. The combined Finlay–Peace–Slave–Mackenzie system is the 13th longest river system in the world.

Longest Rivers of Canada
Longest Rivers of Canada

The geography of the river is quite unique. It is the only river that cuts completely through the Rocky Mountains. Before dams were built, the river had distinct features. The Finlay and Parsnip Rivers met at Finlay Forks. Nearby, there were the Finlay Rapids. The Peace Pass also sits in this area. This pass separates the Muskwa Ranges from the Hart Ranges. Today, the river's flow has changed due to human engineering. The W. A. C. Bennett Dam created a large man-made lake called Williston Lake. The river now flows into Dinosaur Lake, which is a reservoir for the Peace Canyon Dam.

History is deeply tied to the river and its people. The Dane-zaa people are the traditional inhabitants of this region. Europeans called them the Beaver. The Dane-zaa called the river Unjegah, meaning "large river." In 1781, a smallpox epidemic ended hostilities between the Dane-zaa and the Cree. A Treaty of the Peace was celebrated with a ceremonial pipe. This treaty made the Peace River a border. The Dane-zaa lived to the north and the Cree lived to the south. Later, fur traders arrived in the area. Peter Pond is believed to have visited in 1785. In 1794, Fort St. John became the first European settlement on the British Columbia mainland.

For many years, the river was a highway for transport. Boats moved cargo through two navigable sections. These sections are separated by the Vermilion Chutes near Fort Vermilion.

Gathering fuel for the steamship Grenfell on the Peace River
Gathering fuel for the steamship Grenfell on the Peace River

Most early vessels were wood-burning steamships. They used wood cut from the river's shore for fuel. The vessel Grenfell is a known example of these ships. The Grahame was the first steam-powered vessel to navigate the river. The St. Charles was another ship used to reach the upper reaches. About a dozen vessels navigated these waters over time. The last cargo vessel, the Watson's Lake, retired in 1952.

Hydroelectric development is a major part of the river today. This process turns moving water into renewable energy. Work began on the river in 1968. The W. A. C. Bennett Dam was the first dam completed. It is the largest dam in British Columbia. It is also the third-largest hydroelectric facility in Canada. This dam supplies over 30% of the total power demand for British Columbia. Engineers used the large reservoir from this dam to build more. They opened the Peace Canyon Dam in 1980. This dam is 50 meters high and has a capacity of 694 MW.

New projects are also being planned for the future. The Site C dam is currently under construction. It is scheduled to be finished in 2025. This dam will have a height of 60 meters and a capacity of 1100 MW. It aims to meet the growing demand for green energy in British Columbia. In Alberta, officials are also studying the river. They are looking at a proposed run-of-the-river project. Another project called the Amans Dam is also proposed for the Alberta stretch. This would be a 24-meter dam with a 370 MW capacity.

The river valley is also vital for industry and nature. The soils in the Alberta valley are very rich. Farmers have grown wheat crops there since the late 19th century. The region is also a center for oil and natural gas production. You can find pulp and paper plants along the river too. Many parks protect the river's banks. These include Dunvegan Provincial Park and Wood Buffalo National Park.

FortVermilion-Sunset
FortVermilion-Sunset
Gathering fuel for the steamship Grenfell on the Peace River
Gathering fuel for the steamship Grenfell on the Peace River

These areas help preserve the natural landscape of the Peace River region.

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File:Gathering fuel for the steamship Grenfell on the Peace River.jpg
Gathering fuel for the steamship Grenfell...
File:FortVermilion-Sunset.JPG
FortVermilion-Sunset.JPG
File:The Peace River.JPG
The Peace River.JPG
File:Longest_Rivers_of_Canada.png
Longest_Rivers_of_Canada.png
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